Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer, accounting for 85% of cases of lung cancer. NSCLC is commonly treated with cisplatin, however, NSCLC develops resistance to cisplatin via several mechanisms, which reduces treatment efficacy and becomes a major challenge in its treatment. Several plant extracts have been researched as potential anticancer, includi…
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and highly deadly form of cancer that affects a significant number of individuals worldwide. The rise in the number of smokers has correspondingly led to an increase in the incidence of NSCLC. Furthermore, even if smokers were to quit, it would not lead to a reduction in the severity of NSCLC. A549 is an immortalized cell derived from NSCLC …
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge despite advancements in treatment and prevention. The interaction between the malaria parasite and human red blood cells (RBCs) leads to the evolution of RBC disorders that offer protection against malaria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RBC disorders from archived DNA samples collected from malaria-endemic and non-endem…
The crosstalk between natural killer (NK) cells and adipose tissue has gained significant interest due to its critical role in shaping the adipose tissue microenvironment and influencing metabolic homeostasis. It is now widely acknowledged that the activation of NK cells and macrophages in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) during obesity strongly contributes to insulin resistance. However, curre…
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that act as the first line of the innate immune system to protect and against invading pathogens from the human body. Generally, neutrophils are the most abundant cells that play an important role in response to infections through their ability to migrate into affected tissue upon pathogens invasion. The activation of neutrophils are able to engage …
Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a significant global health concern, prompting ongoing efforts to explore novel antiviral agents. This study investigates the potential of Laportea decumana (Daun Gatal) extract as an antiviral against IAV using A549 cell lines. The objective was to evaluate the extract's impact on cell viability, cytotoxicity, and viral replication dynamics. A series of cytot…
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a complex liver condition marked by hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. It is often triggered by obesity-induced ER stress which activates the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. This pathway, involving eIF2α and ATF4, contributes to NASH progression, particularly fibrosis via hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. However, …
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for more than 85% of lung cancer diagnoses, has remained the leading cause of cancer-related death. Chemotherapy has been used as the gold standard treatment to treat it, and one of the common drugs is cisplatin. However, cisplatin can lead to resistance, resulting from a complex interaction of molecular pathways that reduces the efficacy of ci…
SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted rapid vaccine development. However, emerging variants challenge antibody-mediated protection. Targeting T-cell immunity is promising due to its crucial role in eliminating infected cells and the difficulty of viral evasion via HLA diversity. Despite this potential, there is a lack of HLA studies and SARS-CoV-2 epitope mapping in the I…
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains a life-threatening disease with the most unfavorable prognosis among all cancer types. This is mainly due to the high rate of cell survivability marked by rapid cell proliferation and migration activity. Despite having KRAS oncogene as a known commonly mutated driver gene, targeting it has been challenging and has hindered the development of effective…
Cancer remains a global health challenge in need of precise, cost-effective, and scalable research tools for comprehensive investigations. Spheroid-based methodologies emerge as reliable, easily adaptable, and highly scalable techniques, offering an improved representation of in-vivo conditions compared to conventional 2D cell cultures. This study utilizes the Huh-7 cell line to generate hep…
Glioblastoma (GBM) is known as a highly aggressive and malignant form of brain cancer. Despite advances in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of glioblastoma, it has a poor prognosis with a median survival rate of 9 months. The complex interplay between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and treatment respons…
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising packing material as it is biodegradable, non-toxic, has good mechanical properties, and can form bonds with foreign particles. Meanwhile, P. acidilactici postbiotics (metabolites) have the potential to be a natural food preservative as they contain antimicrobial compounds that are heat- and pH-stable. This research aims to develop a novel antimicrobia…
Wound dressings play a crucial role in promoting efficient wound closure and healing by providing an environment conducive to tissue repair. Traditional wound dressings, such as cellulose-based gauze, often exhibit challenges in adhesion and exudate absorption, necessitating frequent replacements that may cause additional trauma. Biocellulose (BC), derived from bacteria, presents a natural c…
As the human population grows, the demand for organoleptic properties in food has linearly increased, including the use of harmful synthetic colorant. Therefore, carotenoids, as a secondary metabolites and natural compounds, can be used as an alternative to natural food preservatives. They are also attributed to antioxidant properties which are beneficial for human consumption and health. T…
Obesity, characterized by excessive adipose tissue, is linked to adverse health effects. Ginger, containing compounds like gingerol, shogaols, and zingerone, exhibits anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hepatic steatosis, and antioxidant properties. Turmeric has potential as an anti-adipogenic agent by suppressing key regulators of adipogenesis. This study analyzed the anti-adi…
Obesity, a longstanding global food security issue, has increased in Indonesia since the COVID-19 pandemic due to higher consumption of high-fat, high-sugar foods and more sedentary activity during quarantine. Prevention of obesity can be achieved from the molecular phase through treatment with spice extract, like cinnamon, to mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The bioactive compound present in ci…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer where its development and onset can be caused by oxidative stress. Consequently, consuming Javanese Turmeric as an antioxidant can compensate for the increase of oxidative stress and can be used as a potential liver cancer treatment. However, during the manufacture of Javanese Turmeric as a herbal medicine or supplement, it can alter …
Ultraviolet light is a type of light that is exhibited from the sun. Ultraviolet is divided into 3 types, including UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C light. These Ultraviolet light might cause several adverse effects including skin and eye damage. Hence, the application of sunscreen is important to prevent the damage induced by UV exposure. Sunscreen is divided into several types including cream, stick, …
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most severe type of brain tumor with poor prognosis and low survival rate, characterized by molecular heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment which pose a significant challenge in improving treatment strategies. It is found that the abundance of tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs) in the GBM microenvironment contributes significantly to tumor progre…
Earthcell is a brand that is planned to be established as a forward-thinking company and aims to align with Sustainable Development Goals specifically for responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), climate action (SDG 13), good health and well-being (SDG 3). The current market offerings are mostly loaded with products that incorporate artificial ingredients, high doses of caffeine, an…
PT Phapros TBK is a pharmaceutical company founded in 1954, which is now owned and operated under PT Kimia Farma TBK. Research and development falls under the production department, which is one of the 3 main departments in PT Phapros. The Research and development team centers on drug development and analysis, among which Analytical development plays an integral part in the process. During this…
This study investigates the potential of T-cell-mediated immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2, given the concerns about the high mutation rate in the virus's S protein and its potential impact on vaccine efficacy. The prevalent HLA class II alleles in the Indonesian population, namely HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-DRB1*15:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, play a crucial role in presenting viral peptide antigens to the…
The Deleted in Liver Cancer family houses the RhoGAP proteins DLC1 and DLC2, which have already been known for their tumor suppressive capabilities, and DLC3, whose studies regarding this gene are minimal. This study seeks to elucidate the function of DLC3 protein towards tumor development by looking at the changes in angiogenesis and cell migration rate following DLC3 downregulation, using zeb…
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionised immunotherapy by boosting T celldriven tumour cell destruction through specific antigen recognition. Despite its success in haematological cancers, significant hurdles in using CAR T cells for solid tumours are the suppression of CAR T cell proliferation and effector functions. This research addresses the pressing challenge in ca…
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant challenge in clinical management due to late-stage diagnosis and limited curative interventions. The imperative to develop more efficacious therapeutic approaches for HCC underscores the exploration of oncolytic virotherapy, an innovative treatment modality exhibiting promising antitumor properties. Among potential oncolytic vectors, the measle…
Tankyrase 1 has received attention as a promising target for anti-cancer therapies due to its upregulated expression in various cancer types. Its crucial role in PARsylation leads to the degradation of tumor suppressors (e.g. Axin, TRF1, and PTEN) through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, highlighting its significance in oncogenic processes. The urgency to discover novel tankyrase 1 inhibitors …
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive pediatric CNS tumor yet lacking standardized therapies while current management standards are not of significant clinical benefit. With the opportunity of accessing the Childhood Cancer Model Atlas (CCMA)’s vast pediatric cancer resources, high-throughput drug screening (HTS) was carried out on the CCMA’s ATRT cohort against the novel…
Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear and phagocytic leukocytes that act as the first line of innate immune defense to protect and rapidly kill the invading pathogens from the human body. In general, neutrophils are essential immune cells that play a significant role in the early response to infections through their ability to migrate into affected tissues upon pathogens invasion. The activation of…
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are mainly caused by postprandial lipemia (PPL), an increase of triglycerides-rich lipoprotein level in blood between time after a meal. Food consumption containing dietary fiber has been reported to lower blood triglycerides accumulation. Hence, this study aims to understand the effect of soluble non-viscous dietary fiber towards the lipid absorption in the food …
This report summarizes a total of 2 months of internship project at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand. This internship project takes place in the science department more specifically in the organic chemistry laboratory. During this internship, the authors tried to synthesize and investigate the intermediates of kusunokinin to enhance its anticancer activity. Kusunokinin inter…
The alteration of mechanical and frictional forces composed of pulsatile and shear stress in the aorta is postulated to play a significant role in the abdominal aortic Aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. Accordingly, cumulative evidence was gathered to investigate the mechanicalcues, which were believed to have a role in triggering a cascade of signaling events during the shear-induced AAA development…
Mahidol University is one of the best Campuses in Thailand, which focused on science and medicine. Organic chemistry is part of the department that mainly focuses on the synthesis of natural compounds as well as finding new synthetic methods that are more effective. In this internship oppurtunity, the author got a chance to experience how to work as a chemist. Specifically, this internship proj…
People all around the world are shifting towards eating more plant-based food, the vegan consumers and communities are rapidly increasing. However, there is a challenge in the development of plant-based meat analogue to mimic the characteristics of animal based products, especially for the juiciness and textural properties. Hydrocolloids can be used to improve the quality attributes of plant-ba…
Pediococcus acidilactici has gained a lot of interest lately due to its ability as a potential probiotic strain. However, concerns regarding its viability and stability during consumption and storage lead to a solution to utilize spray dry as an encapsulation method for Pediococcus acidilactici. Yet, the utilization of spray drying could affect the cell viability and its functional probiotic pr…