Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder with multiple underlying causes. Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) is frequently used in artificial tear formulations to alleviate DED symptoms. Different CMC-Na types from various brands can exhibit varying degrees of substitution (DS) and viscosity, leading to variations in filtration process performance and stability in formulations.…
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease where insulin production and/or action is defective, leading to a chronic high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia), in which the highest type is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some of the pharmacological treatments are metformin and sitagliptin where the combination treatment of them provides more effects compared to the monotherapy. An imported…
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting cognition and memory. The exact cause of AD remains unclear, but two primary theories have been suggested to explain its cause: the cholinergic and amyloid hypothesis. The extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein called neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) …
Cognition is an individual’s ability to learn, solve, and appropriately use stored information. Cognitive deficits can manifest in various ways and are commonly caused mainly by age, and other health conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases as well as side effects from certain drugs. Currently, natural supplements using herbal plants have been investigated as cognitive enhancers and b…
Rinse-off hair and body care products are essential for maintaining the health and hygiene of hair and skin, formulated with surfactants to cleanse and improve appearance. Some of these products contain ingredients that provide humectants, emollients, conditioning agents, et cetera, which modify the fundamental functions of the products. However, the current formulations of these products o…
Keratoconus presents a significant challenge in ophthalmology, urging effective treatment strategies to mitigate its impact on patients’ lives. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of combined therapy, utilizing rose bengal (RB) and riboflavin (RBF) for keratoconus management. Through ex vivo and in vitro experiments, significant increases in corneal stiffness and cell viability…
Originating from the seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance, Pangdahai has traditionally been used as a tea for various ailments and is now part of modern dietary practices. Recent studies have revealed the pharmacological activities of Pangdahai extracts, yet the specific compounds responsible for these effects remain unidentified. This study aimed to bridge that gap using a multi-step approa…
Background. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a technology that possesses tremendous potential in advancing precision medicine in oncology. However, in Indonesia, the progress of its integration remains hampered. This research is conducted with the hope of providing exploratory research for the general NGS maturity in Indonesia, its current level of implementation, and future challenges f…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples were sequenced by whole-genome sequencing and the data were analyzed using Galaxy. The bad sequence from the raw data was trimmed and then the SNPs were compiled using Snippy. The mutation in the samples according to the reference genome was compiled into a TB profile report and then further compiled into one single file. Almost all results of the galaxy f…
The upstream division of KGM uses a manual cleaning process for machine parts, which is time- consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, an innovative approach called indirect ultrasonic cleaning is proposed. Indirect ultrasonic cleaning uses powerful sound waves at a high frequency to remove unwanted substances from surfaces immersed in a liquid. Ultrasonic cleaning involves the for…
In today’s digital era, digital marketing is the phenomenon that plays an effective role in achieving marketing goals. The spread of digital marketing includes several advantages for marketers, such as ease of targeting customers with high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and global reach (Anis & Hassali, 2022). During the ongoing research, the intern came across a term called Pharma Digital …
"Flavivirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that are mostly transmitted through mosquito or tick vectors and are known to be emerging and re-emerging viruses. Some of the significant species that have been reported to cause an outbreak globally include DENV, YFV, WNV, ZIKV and JEV. While some vaccines have been successful in preventing infections caused by certain f…
Malaria is an infectious illness caused by Plasmodium parasites and vectored by Anopheles mosquitoes. Recent developments in genetic engineering have opened the doors to paratransgenesis as a technique to combat malaria. This preliminary in silico project aims to investigate an unorthodox paratransgenic approach to eliminating Plasmodium cells in the mosquito. A recombinant Ti plasmid, inte…
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most severe type of brain tumor with poor prognosis and low survival rate, characterized by molecular heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment which pose a significant challenge in improving treatment strategies. It is found that the abundance of tumor- associated macrophages (TAMs) in the GBM microenvironment contributes significantly to tumor progre…
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains infect millions annually with their ability to colonize the gut and form biofilms contributing to antibiotic resistance. Moreover, CXCL8 (IL-8), TNF-ɑ, and ICAM-1 are genes involved in the inflammatory host response against EHEC infection. Thymus vulgaris, generally known as common thyme, is a traditional medicinal plant with antibacterial …
As the availability of genome sequencers increases, the number of genome data needed to be stored increases exponentially. A strategy to manage this problem is needed. One of the solutions is through a genome compressor. This study proposes a data splitting process on the input of the LZ78 algorithm to increase the redundancy which potentially increases the compression performance of the al…
Public health surveillance plays a pivotal role in ending the COVID-19 emergency, especially monitoring the emergence of new lineages. A dynamic SARS-CoV-2 lineage naming system, known as the Pango nomenclature system currently being used to assist genomic epidemiology. Currently, researchers manually draw charts to visualize mutations found in major pango lineages that shape the evolutionar…
Pediococcus is a genus that belongs to the family Lactobacillaceae. This family of bacteria consists of gram-positive Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) commonly found in fermented products. Pediococcus acidilactici holds an important role in food preservation due to its ability to inhibit food-borne pathogens through pediocin production, a heat-stable antimicrobial peptide. While pediocin is the m…
In recent years, the cosmetic industry in Indonesia has experienced a sustainable growth due to the emergence of both new local and established brands with strong reputations. Among all, Generation Z represents the predominant demographic shaping the trajectory of the beauty industry in Indonesia. However, the majority of conventional cosmetics have limited regard towards the environmental …
The widespread trend of global industrialization in Indonesia has resulted in the depletion of natural resources and environmental destruction. Indonesia has been undergoing recent changes in accordance with the 2030 agenda to potentially achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and reduce carbon footprint. The pivotal role of an organization’s Human Resource (HR) Department in cultivatin…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a popular and significant technology that has strongly impacted multiple industries through various services such as automation. However, the AI’s success depends on its strong and effective implementation of AI systems, requiring managers to have positive perceptions and acceptance towards implementing and operating AI, and this can help the Indone…