This study investigates the potential of T-cell-mediated immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2, given the concerns about the high mutation rate in the virus's S protein and its potential impact on vaccine efficacy. The prevalent HLA class II alleles in the Indonesian population, namely HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-DRB1*15:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, play a crucial role in presenting viral peptide antigens to the…
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light how crucial it is to comprehend the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its proteins in order to develop efficient treatment and diagnostic approaches. However, there are difficulties with storage, processing, and analysis because of the enormous number of SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence data. In order to analyze SARS-CoV-2 data, this study examines the …
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light how crucial it is to comprehend the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its proteins in order to develop efficient treatment and diagnostic approaches. However, there are difficulties with storage, processing, and analysis because of the enormous number of SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence data. In order to analyze SARS-CoV-2 data, this study examines the …
The currently available COVID-19 vaccine is thought to be sufficient in protecting against SARSCoV-2 infection, whilst the constant mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and the failure of the vaccine mto evoke protective mucosal immunity have remained problems. This condition has brought forward the idea of targeting nucleocapsid (N) protein as a more conserved region of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to the spike…
substantial global public health concern has been raised due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in 2019. Flavonoids were reported to possess anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties by targeting 3-Chymotrypsin Like protease (3CLpro) which is the main enzyme involved in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Zingiber zerumbet (bitter ginger) is a plant native to Indonesia …
The CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a global pandemic with substantial socioeconomic damages. Exploration of bioactive compounds from herbal resources with potential anti SARS-CoV-2 effects are currently on the rise. In particular, naturally-derived flavonoids are reported for its capability to inhibit 3-chymotrypsin like-protease (3CL ), a promising…
The appropriate course of action to stop the spread of COVID-19 involves immunizations due to the rise in COVID-19 cases. Pichia pastoris serves as the protein expression system for RBD, a spike protein produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. RBD is utilized as an antigen for vaccine candidates to tackle COVID-19 which is suitable for low to middle-income countries. The Tangential Flow Filtration…
Since Firstly in early March, the Covid-19 has rapidly spread out in Indonesia, impacting significantly on health, social, and economic condition and causing a large number of fatalities. This study aims to describe the epidemiology curve of Indonesia in comparison with neighboring countries, Australia and Malaysia, along with the possible factors affecting the curve. This Study employs the sus…
Implementing sustainable practices on college campuses is one way to combat global climate change. A key aspect of developing a sustainable university campus is evaluating activities related to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. However, until recently, it was not common to calculate CO 2 emissions from university campuses in Indonesia. Indonesia International Institute for Life Science…
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which has become an emerging global health crisis. However, there is still less of the natural bioactive compound used for curing COVID-19. Flavonoid is a natural product that has a specific effect in treating viral infection. Flavonoid also can be used to treat COVID-19 due to its specific mechanism to inhibit the activity of 3C-like…
Pneumonia is an infectious lung disease that is commonly found in secondary bacterial co-infection in severe COVID-19 infection, namely COVID Pneumonia, and it is accounted for higher morbidity and mortality rate than COVID-19 infection alone. To find immunomodulators that able to act as gene expression regulators is important to minimise the occurrence of cytokine storms. Three kinds of In…
Prevention and detection of COVID-19 in most countries have been strictly constricted to detection via qRT-PCR. We need to find better and more efficient methods to detect respiratory viruses in case another outbreak like SARS-CoV-2 ever happens again. Quick identification and isolation is key to preventing the spread of respiratory viruses. The more convenient the methods, the more likely w…
COVID-19 has triggered worldwide health, economic, and social disaster. It also showed the importance of digital technology. Since March 2020, there has been a flurry of legislative and programmatic interventions to demonstrate the use of digital capabilities for people, as a variety of digital tools and strategies have been employed. This study investigates several factors that influence a pe…
COVID-19 pandemic has negatively governed the world, especially in the healthcare sectors. The continuous influx of patients in the hospital without any definitive treatment has become a major concern for healthcare professionals in handling COVID-19 patients. This research study aims to use absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic tool for determ…
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virulent source of the COVID-19 disease. As a result of the rapid transmission of the viral agent and deficiency of specific drugs against the virus, a worldwide pandemic ensued with a terrifying death toll. Thus there is tremendous urgency to discover substances for the development of specific COVID-19 drugs. With in…
Vitamins and minerals are essential micronutrients required in minimal amounts by the human body. To meet the nutrient requirement, some people might need to enhance their micronutrients intake by taking supplements. However, supplements are not intended to replace a balanced diet. Nowadays, the awareness of living a healthy lifestyle is increasing. Especially during COVID-19 pandemic, peop…
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic disease and is brought by another type of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). The SARS-Cov-2 infection is thought to spread beteween people mainly through respiratory droplets generated during coughing. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a rhizome plant that is very popular as spice and …
Sars-cov-2 is a virus whose spread need to be urgently curtailed. Spike proteins were analysed for epitopes as they have been found to be the immunogens used in many new releases COVID-19 vaccine. With an indonesian vaccine-"vaccine merah putih"-still in development. it remains essential to conduct immunoinformatics research on the indonesia virus isolate to support vaccine research, especially…