SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted rapid vaccine development. However, emerging variants challenge antibody-mediated protection. Targeting T-cell immunity is promising due to its crucial role in eliminating infected cells and the difficulty of viral evasion via HLA diversity. Despite this potential, there is a lack of HLA studies and SARS-CoV-2 epitope mapping in the I…
There have been reports regarding the autoimmunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, such as: GBS, SLE, multiple sclerosis, demyelinating neuropathies, and orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, narcolepsy, even vaccine-induced. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. One of possible reason is molecular mimicry, a condition in which the T-cell epitopes come from the virus antige…
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a malignant tumor found in the brain stem which mainly affects children. It has an aggressive nature with no available curative treatment. Cancer immunotherapy using specific tumor antigens to target tumor cells may be a viable alternative therapeutic option for DIPG, however antigen presentation is highly downregulated in tumors. This study aims t…
This study investigates the potential of T-cell-mediated immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2, given the concerns about the high mutation rate in the virus's S protein and its potential impact on vaccine efficacy. The prevalent HLA class II alleles in the Indonesian population, namely HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-DRB1*15:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, play a crucial role in presenting viral peptide antigens to the…
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…
Currently, the demand for sustainable platforms to address environmental problem is arising. Biodiesel is an eco-friendly alternative for regular diesel as it has many advantages, and the most important thing is derived from environmental-friendly source, such as microalgae. Several microalgae are known for being able to synthesize lipids and even higher concentration. Newly microalgal strains …
The COVID−19 pandemic has been going on for three years, and research on preventive and curative measures is continuously being made. Belonging to the same coronavirus family, human common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) like 229E, NL63, HKU1, and OC43 have been around for decades. However, unlike SARS−CoV−2, they do not manifest serious signs and symptoms. Reports on T−cell cross−reactivit…
LA-A*24:07 is unique to the Indonesian population, dominated by Sundanese and Javanese. As the Caucasian population handles the most worldwide research, a little study on the HLA-A*24:07 has been undertaken. Recently, the connection of SARS-CoV-2 peptides with HLA, notably HLAA* 24:02, has been investigated. The only distinction between HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*24:07 is the residue position 70…