Dengue fever, an acute arthropod borne febrile disease, infects 50-100 million people annually. Indonesia is ranked second out of thirty endemic Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) countries from 2004-2010. According to Indonesia’s ministry of health, there are 60,296 cases of dengue fever up until April 2024 resulting in 455 deaths.The high infectivity rate and unavailability of drugs that hav…
Cognitive impairments in thinking are the example of neurodegenerative diseases that happened in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Short memory loss (dementia) is one of the symptoms, showed by 60-70% cases found and gradually progress in declination of thinking. Therefore, dementia usually is associated in AD. Lately, an inhibitory neurotransmitter called GABA is known for its relation with working memo…
Hepatitis B disease is a liver infection that caused almost 296 million cases and 1 million deaths worldwide in 2019. Hepatitis B disease was caused by the Hepatitis B virus which can easily infect liver cells through high-affinity binding towards human NTCP receptor and will be internalized. To resolve Hepatitis B virulence and severity, researchers have tried to utilize immunosuppressant …
Tuberculosis (TB) is a very dangerous disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the year of 2019, TB has caused 1.4 million deaths, making TB one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Indonesia is ranked having the second highest TB burden in the world and is striving to eliminate it by 2030. Kalanchoe Pinnata is a plant found in Indonesia of potential with lots of active compounds co…
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by a variety of infectious viruses and noninfectious agents. Hepatitis B is one of the most common type of hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus. Coinfection of hepatitis D on patient with chronic hepatitis b infection has been proven to accelerates progression of the disease to a more severe disease in all ages. The current treatment for…
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virulent source of the COVID-19 disease. As a result of the rapid transmission of the viral agent and deficiency of specific drugs against the virus, a worldwide pandemic ensued with a terrifying death toll. Thus there is tremendous urgency to discover substances for the development of specific COVID-19 drugs. With in…
The emergence of a new human betacoronavirus strain called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the causative agent of CoronaVirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic. According to previous experiments, it is known that the 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in the pathogenicity of the virus. Flavonoids are a group of natural substances bel…
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic disease and is brought by another type of coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). The SARS-Cov-2 infection is thought to spread beteween people mainly through respiratory droplets generated during coughing. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a rhizome plant that is very popular as spice and …