Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a complex liver condition marked by hepatic steatosis, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. It is often triggered by obesity-induced ER stress which activates the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. This pathway, involving eIF2α and ATF4, contributes to NASH progression, particularly fibrosis via hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. However, …
Endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition are the standard-of-care treatments for patients with advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Despite improvements in the overall progression-free survival, resistance develops in patients by unidentified mechanisms. Preliminary CRISPR/Cas9 screens from the Caldon lab revealed that loss of the MAPK9 gene (encoding JNK2) …
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and cancer-related mortalities worldwide. The transformation of normal colon and rectal cells to malignant adenocarcinomas due to unrepaired DNA damage which leads to oncogenic mutations. These mutations also increase the frequency of DNA damage, leading to endogenous replication stress (RS). This introduces an opportunity to induce sy…
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading malignant tumors worldwide. The oncogenic long non-coding RNA (IncRNA), LncX, was reported to play a critical role in OSCC progression. To further identify and characterize the key pathways and genes downstream of LncX, we will integrate online datasets and bioinformatic analysis to investigate the expression pattern of LncX in OSCC and …
The medial habenula (MHb) is the less explored subregion of the emerging brain structure, Habenula (Hb) with roles in fear memory expression, anxiety, and addiction. At the neuron terminals where MHb neurons project to, the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), vesicular neurotransmitter release is triggered by the influx of calcium ions via Ca v2.3 calcium channels, and robustly potentiated by GABAB …
Serotonin (5-HT) neurons are currently of research interest since these neurons have a crucial role in regulating human homeostasis and psychological states. These neurons are generated from the hindbrain raphe nuclei and are classified into rostral (r1-r3) and caudal (r5-r8) groups. While rostral groups have been successfully developed, only a few functional caudal 5-HT neurons are available i…
Indonesia was the fourth largest coffee producer in the world in 2014, thus it is safe to say that Indonesians love to drink coffee. The consumption of coffee has its health benefits and its risks, one of the risks is mostly related to cardiovascular diseases. One of the diseases is hypertension which is considered “the silent killer” as it is a serious condition w…