High cases of side effects such as nose-bleeding and mucosal dryness due to synthetic treatments of acne lead to the implementation of plant extracts in topical formulations as alternative treatments. Cinnamon bark essential oil (CBEO) (Cinnamomum burmannii) and Turmeric essential oil (TEO) (Curcuma Longa) and have proven antibacterial efficacy against acne-causing bacteria, Staphylococcus …
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that has gained significant attention due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Some of the factors that contributed to the development of antibiotic resistance are associated with the formation of biofilm. Abelmoschus manihot and Tinospora crispa are recognised to have antimicrobial activity and its expected to have biofilm inhibitory effect. In this…
Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity and many plants' potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnology research. Pangium edule is one of the local Indonesian spices usually used for a specific cuisine. Currently, there are few studies of P. edule as a food preservative agent and none on its medicinal use. P. edule seeds contain antioxidants, alkaloids, and polyphenolic compounds, whic…