Dengue fever, an acute arthropod borne febrile disease, infects 50-100 million people annually. Indonesia is ranked second out of thirty endemic Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) countries from 2004-2010. According to Indonesia’s ministry of health, there are 60,296 cases of dengue fever up until April 2024 resulting in 455 deaths.The high infectivity rate and unavailability of drugs that hav…
Malaria is a disease caused by infection of the Plasmodium parasite that spreads through Anopheles mosquitoes, which mainly plagues humans living in regions with poor healthcare and countries around the equator. Among the five species capable of causing malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are noted as the most threatening species, as their manifestations in humans …
Colorectal cancer is the third place cause of death tumor globally. And its frequent prevalence may be caused by the conventional treatments that has been applied. One of the conventional or commonly used treatments are chemotherapy, one of colorectal cancer common chemotherapy are oxaliplatin. This would create drug-resistant cancer. For this effort in counteracting the resistant caused by …
Neutrophils play an important role in the innate immune mechanism. During pathogen encounter, these cells gather at the infection site and perform various functions. Neutrophil could effectively eliminate pathogens by performing their functions such as respiratory burst, degranulation, phagocytosis, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Therefore, neutrophil activation eme…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples were sequenced by whole-genome sequencing and the data were analyzed using Galaxy. The bad sequence from the raw data was trimmed and then the SNPs were compiled using Snippy. The mutation in the samples according to the reference genome was compiled into a TB profile report and then further compiled into one single file. Almost all results of the galaxy f…
Inflammation is a crucial part of the immune response, involving neutrophils, the predominant white blood cells, in combating pathogens. Their recruitment is regulated during inflammation, which can lead to conditions like autoimmune diseases and cancer. This study aims to explore meso- Dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA) derivatives, particularly MZ47, as potential therapeutic options for neut…
This book addresses clearly and objectively the fundamental and technological concepts involved in the process and manufacturing of high-quality herbal products. The text is written using a multidisciplinary approach to include all subjects involved in phytopharmaceutical technology, and to accurately portray each step of the process
Neutrophils are the main cells that play a significant role in the innate immune system. Upon a pathogenic invasion, these cells are recruited to the site of infection and perform many different functions. Targeting the neutrophils for therapeutic interventions has been a great challenge due to the complexity of their signaling pathway and mechanisms. Therefore, the search for drug candidates t…
Tuberculosis caused by an obligate aerobic bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most lifelong diseases that has been infecting humans worldwide; Indonesia is one of the countries that has the highest prevalence of tuberculosis. The bacteria itself possesses an atypical cell wall structure that protects them from harmful drugs. With the inconsistent, prolonged drug treatmen…
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive pediatric CNS tumor yet lacking standardized therapies while current management standards are not of significant clinical benefit. With the opportunity of accessing the Childhood Cancer Model Atlas (CCMA)’s vast pediatric cancer resources, high-throughput drug screening (HTS) was carried out on the CCMA’s ATRT cohort against the novel…
Enterobacter bugandensis belongs to the ESKAPE bacteria, a group notorious for being prominent causative agents of hospital-acquired infections. Despite being a recent discovery in 2016, E. bugandensis is an emerging pathogen that has been responsible for several bacteremia outbreaks. Notably, E. bugandensis possesses high levels of multidrug resistance and little is known about its pathogenesi…
The current report describes the experience that the author gained during her 11 months of internship placement at Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L). The internship was organized by Ms. Elizabeth Sidhartha, B.Sc., M.Sc. (a Biomedicine faculty) and was conducted online. The goal of this internship is to produce a systematic review discussing the potential of Plasmodium fa…
Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder that has impacted the global population from children to adults. Psoriasis is characterized by unusual proliferation of keratinocytes, leading to itchy, bleeding, scaly, and red lesions due to increased immune system activity. Existing topical treatments often result in side effects, emphasizing the necessity for advanced drug discovery in managing psori…
Triple negative breast cancer is a subtypes of breast cancer that are known to have a bad prognosis and spread faster. TNBC tends to have bad prognosis due to the absence of the ER, PR, and HER receptors on the surface of the cells. These absent of receptor cause a limitation for treating them, Additionally, several drugs were proposed as a treatment for TNBC but administration of a single drug…
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous blood cancer disease that develops from the stem cell precursors which the myeloid lineage happened due to genetic lesion that leads to overproduction and failure to differentiate these myeloid blast cells. A mutation in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene, is the most frequent genetic lesion in AML patients, this mutation is linked with a p…
Development of Drugs provide specific information on drug targets, mechanism, and interaction with other drugs. This information is important in order to prevent adverse drug reactions when prescribing more than 1 drugs. Electonic databases like Drugbank provide stotrage and access of this information to the public mass. However, not all drug databases are freely available making it hard to aut…
Mass Drug Administration is one of the strategy use by countries to intervene the progression of helminth infection. The goal of MDA program is to give preventive chemotherapy to a populations by using broad spectrum anti-helminthic drugs. The drugs were administered by the people once or twice a year depending on the prevalence of their region. The Indonesian government has applied this …
Cosmetics have been widely used to improve the skin condition. Niacinamide is known as the vitamin B3 which works to repair the skin condition. Unfortunately, It has a limited ability to penetrate the skin. Therefore, a penetration enhancers is important to be conducted to ensure an adequate activity of the active ingredients. Several types of glycols were tested and expected that the differ…
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virulent source of the COVID-19 disease. As a result of the rapid transmission of the viral agent and deficiency of specific drugs against the virus, a worldwide pandemic ensued with a terrifying death toll. Thus there is tremendous urgency to discover substances for the development of specific COVID-19 drugs. With in…
The ease of access to food in our era has come with a risk of unhealthy lifestyle, giving rise to numerous health problems, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the development of cancer chemotherapy has been outpaced by the swift growth of CRC prevalence. The harsh side effects still become the primary reason for the low patient compliance, which may be minimized by limiting the drug ac…
Colorectal cancer (CRC) still becomes the second leading cause of global cancer-related mortalities, despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment. Chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5- fluorouracil (5-FU), still becomes the main treatment modalities for CRC, despite its rapid elimination rate and diverse adverse reactions. Recently, strategies to establish targeted drug delivery systems for the…
Schizophrenia is a disease that could be considered of low prevalence, yet it elicits a high disease burden. The main treatment that are offered to help alleviate the symptoms and cure the schizophrenia would normally comprise of the utilization of antipsychotics. Unfortunately, the use of antipsychotics could lead to the manifestation of unwanted adverse drug reactions. However, this manifesta…
Combinatorial therapy might be the solution for the rising incidence of CRC around the world. By combining multiple anti-cancer drug, a more effective cancer killing ability might be produced at lower dosage and toxicities. As a potential anti-cancer sources, ethyl acetate extract of soursop leaves (EEAM) has been reported to work against HT-29 CRC cell line. The mechanism in which it may works…
Concepts and Experimental Protocols of Modelling and Informatics in Drug Design discusses each experimental protocol utilized in the field of bioinformatics, focusing especially on computer modeling for drug development. It helps the user in understanding the field of computer-aided molecular modeling (CAMM) by presenting solved exercises and examples. The book discusses topics such as fundamen…
"Focuses on important topics for the consulting pharmacologist, including prescription, over-the-counter and illegal drugs and their effects on criminal and civil proceedings Details the "how-to" aspects of being an expert witness in pharmacology by presenting real-life cases and effective tips and experiences Includes several appendices, such as a sample letter of engagement and fee schedule, …