Dry Eye Disease (DED) presents a significant challenge in ophthalmic care, necessitating effective preservative-free eye drop formulations. This study investigates the influence of process variables and polymer types, namely Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and Xanthan Gum, on critical quality attributes (CQAs) of Polyethylene Glycol-Propylene Glycol (PEG-PG) eye drops, emphasizing a Qua…
Medicinal plants (MPs) are widely used for their biological activities attributed to secondary metabolites. However, many lack a comprehensive regulatory framework, raising safety concerns. While citrus fruits like lemons (Citrus limon) and mandarin oranges (Citrus nobilis) are popular MPs established as non-carcinogenic and non-mutagenic, there is a notable knowledge gap regarding the pote…
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting cognition and memory. The exact cause of AD remains unclear, but two primary theories have been suggested to explain its cause: the cholinergic and amyloid hypothesis. The extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein called neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) …
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer where its development and onset can be caused by oxidative stress. Consequently, consuming Javanese Turmeric as an antioxidant can compensate for the increase of oxidative stress and can be used as a potential liver cancer treatment. However, during the manufacture of Javanese Turmeric as a herbal medicine or supplement, it can alter …
Cognition is an individual’s ability to learn, solve, and appropriately use stored information. Cognitive deficits can manifest in various ways and are commonly caused mainly by age, and other health conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases as well as side effects from certain drugs. Currently, natural supplements using herbal plants have been investigated as cognitive enhancers and b…
The search for potential antiviral compounds in scientific research has emerged as a key target in battling against a global health threat from diverse infectious diseases. Daun gatal, also known as Laportea decumana, is a traditional native plant known for its pain relieving properties. Despite its unassuming nature, Daun gatal offers an abundant quantity of phytochemicals that indicate the…
Ultraviolet light is a type of light that is exhibited from the sun. Ultraviolet is divided into 3 types, including UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C light. These Ultraviolet light might cause several adverse effects including skin and eye damage. Hence, the application of sunscreen is important to prevent the damage induced by UV exposure. Sunscreen is divided into several types including cream, stick, …
Rinse-off hair and body care products are essential for maintaining the health and hygiene of hair and skin, formulated with surfactants to cleanse and improve appearance. Some of these products contain ingredients that provide humectants, emollients, conditioning agents, et cetera, which modify the fundamental functions of the products. However, the current formulations of these products o…
Keratoconus presents a significant challenge in ophthalmology, urging effective treatment strategies to mitigate its impact on patients’ lives. This study investigates the safety and efficacy of combined therapy, utilizing rose bengal (RB) and riboflavin (RBF) for keratoconus management. Through ex vivo and in vitro experiments, significant increases in corneal stiffness and cell viability…
Originating from the seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance, Pangdahai has traditionally been used as a tea for various ailments and is now part of modern dietary practices. Recent studies have revealed the pharmacological activities of Pangdahai extracts, yet the specific compounds responsible for these effects remain unidentified. This study aimed to bridge that gap using a multi-step approa…
Excessive exposure toward sun exposure manifests various dermatological issues, including sunburn and skin aging, and subsequently leads to advanced conditions such as skin cancers, with UV-B playing a key role by causing oxidative stress and mutations. Sunscreen is necessary to prevent the detrimental consequences of UV-B radiation. However, the inconvenience and concerns over chemical ing…
Background. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a technology that possesses tremendous potential in advancing precision medicine in oncology. However, in Indonesia, the progress of its integration remains hampered. This research is conducted with the hope of providing exploratory research for the general NGS maturity in Indonesia, its current level of implementation, and future challenges f…
Personalized medicine helps make decisions about illness prevention, diagnosis, and therapy based on a person's genetic profile. To use personalized medicine, genetic testing using Next generation sequencing (NGS) performed to determine the best drugs to treat the diseases. Cancer can be treated using personalized medicine. Each year, the number of cancer patients is rising, and with person…
Packaging is a crucial tool in marketing as it serves as a bridge between the product and the consumer, influencing consumer perceptions, decisions, and preferences. It has evolved to become a core component of marketing strategies, incorporating sensory elements to attract customers and convey subtle cues about the product. This study aims to investigate consumer perceptions of quality, hy…
This study explores the disposal behaviour regarding electronic waste, specifically mobile phones and laptops that we are personally responsible for from the perspective of Generation- Z. Jakarta has a growing population with E-waste amounting to a higher number day by day and managing it is very important. To set up a good regulatory system for E-waste management, first we need to understa…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples were sequenced by whole-genome sequencing and the data were analyzed using Galaxy. The bad sequence from the raw data was trimmed and then the SNPs were compiled using Snippy. The mutation in the samples according to the reference genome was compiled into a TB profile report and then further compiled into one single file. Almost all results of the galaxy f…
The upstream division of KGM uses a manual cleaning process for machine parts, which is time- consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, an innovative approach called indirect ultrasonic cleaning is proposed. Indirect ultrasonic cleaning uses powerful sound waves at a high frequency to remove unwanted substances from surfaces immersed in a liquid. Ultrasonic cleaning involves the for…
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most well-known cereal crop in the world as a source of food, since it contains carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. Physical properties of wheat significantly influence grain quality.The physical properties of wheat significantly influence grain quality, assessed through tests such as the Physical Wheat Analysis Test, Allowable Storage Time of Wheat, Wheat…
Cancer is a complex disease that involves the growth of cells inside the body. In 2020, more than 10 million people died from cancer worldwide. One of them is colon cancer, which is the third common type of cancer after breast and lung cancer. The colon cancer itself has around 1.9 million cases and taking the lives of around 930.000 people. It began with a small cell, which later turns int…
In today’s digital era, digital marketing is the phenomenon that plays an effective role in achieving marketing goals. The spread of digital marketing includes several advantages for marketers, such as ease of targeting customers with high accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and global reach (Anis & Hassali, 2022). During the ongoing research, the intern came across a term called Pharma Digital …
The skin is a vital outer layer that serves as protection. Once the protective layer is disrupted, for example the formation of wounds due to outer layer damage, it may increase the likelihood of contraction skin infection, which is a global burden. When open wounds are in contact with microorganisms, it allows attachment and proliferation, resulting in the development of biofilms. Antibiot…
"Flavivirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that are mostly transmitted through mosquito or tick vectors and are known to be emerging and re-emerging viruses. Some of the significant species that have been reported to cause an outbreak globally include DENV, YFV, WNV, ZIKV and JEV. While some vaccines have been successful in preventing infections caused by certain f…
Malaria is an infectious illness caused by Plasmodium parasites and vectored by Anopheles mosquitoes. Recent developments in genetic engineering have opened the doors to paratransgenesis as a technique to combat malaria. This preliminary in silico project aims to investigate an unorthodox paratransgenic approach to eliminating Plasmodium cells in the mosquito. A recombinant Ti plasmid, inte…