Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains infect millions annually with their ability to colonize the gut and form biofilms contributing to antibiotic resistance. Moreover, CXCL8 (IL-8), TNF-ɑ, and ICAM-1 are genes involved in the inflammatory host response against EHEC infection. Thymus vulgaris, generally known as common thyme, is a traditional medicinal plant with antibacterial …
As the availability of genome sequencers increases, the number of genome data needed to be stored increases exponentially. A strategy to manage this problem is needed. One of the solutions is through a genome compressor. This study proposes a data splitting process on the input of the LZ78 algorithm to increase the redundancy which potentially increases the compression performance of the al…
Public health surveillance plays a pivotal role in ending the COVID-19 emergency, especially monitoring the emergence of new lineages. A dynamic SARS-CoV-2 lineage naming system, known as the Pango nomenclature system currently being used to assist genomic epidemiology. Currently, researchers manually draw charts to visualize mutations found in major pango lineages that shape the evolutionar…
Pediococcus is a genus that belongs to the family Lactobacillaceae. This family of bacteria consists of gram-positive Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) commonly found in fermented products. Pediococcus acidilactici holds an important role in food preservation due to its ability to inhibit food-borne pathogens through pediocin production, a heat-stable antimicrobial peptide. While pediocin is the m…
In recent years, the cosmetic industry in Indonesia has experienced a sustainable growth due to the emergence of both new local and established brands with strong reputations. Among all, Generation Z represents the predominant demographic shaping the trajectory of the beauty industry in Indonesia. However, the majority of conventional cosmetics have limited regard towards the environmental …
The widespread trend of global industrialization in Indonesia has resulted in the depletion of natural resources and environmental destruction. Indonesia has been undergoing recent changes in accordance with the 2030 agenda to potentially achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and reduce carbon footprint. The pivotal role of an organization’s Human Resource (HR) Department in cultivatin…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a popular and significant technology that has strongly impacted multiple industries through various services such as automation. However, the AI’s success depends on its strong and effective implementation of AI systems, requiring managers to have positive perceptions and acceptance towards implementing and operating AI, and this can help the Indone…
Cardiomegaly or enlargement of the heart, is a designated umbrella term for various conditions that lead to the enlargement of the heart. Early detection and intervention would increase the chance of survival, however, detection of cardiomegaly is usually done with chest X-rays and might be difficult to do as diagnosis of cardiomegaly involves the detection of subtle and small changes in the he…
Milna, a specially formulated collection of breastfeeding complementary foods (weaning foods), and Prenagen, a low-fat milk for pregnant moms aimed at nutrition preparation for pregnancy and breastfeeding, both created by PT. Sanghiang Perkasa, a Kalbe company, embarked on a strategic initiative to cultivate product awareness during its introductory phase in the Malaysian market for Milna and M…
Quality Control (QC) is important to ensure the identity, strength, purity, pharmacological safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of biopharmaceutical products. Biopharmaceuticals are complex drugs that are created from living cells or organisms, which frequently employ advanced biotechnological techniques. In the biopharmaceutical industry, tests are performed on the finished product to ensure t…
Shampoo is a type of hair care product that is used to clean the scalp and remove the dirt. Not only for humans, shampoo is also used for animals, especially dogs. However, different from human shampoo, dog shampoo tends to be milder due to the different pH and sensitivity of dog’s skin compared to human skin. It is important to formulate a shampoo that has good properties for dog characteris…
This research study presents a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis of carbocyclic glycosyl donors, carbocyclic nucleosides, thio-glycosyl donors, and thio-nucleosides – considered as key compounds with significant implications for the chemistry of nucleosides and glycosides. A series of organic reactions were performed for each scheme, curated to manufacture the desired target mole…
Quality Control (QC) is part of the quality assurance system and holds a critical activity of ensuring drug products' safety, efficacy, and quality fulfill the requirement. Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) is a standard regulation enforced by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to guarantee product quality and must be followed by all pharmaceutical companies. One of the crucial com…
PT Phapros TBK is a pharmaceutical company founded in 1954, which is now owned and operated under PT Kimia Farma TBK. Research and development falls under the production department, which is one of the 3 main departments in PT Phapros. The Research and development team centers on drug development and analysis, among which Analytical development plays an integral part in the process. During this…
Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used for treating one of the major contributors of mortality worldwide – cardiovascular diseases (CAVDs). The conventional synthesis of clopidogrel as a complex organic molecule can be time-consuming and costly as various reaction conditions need to be set and maintained. A simpler method following the Multicomponent Reaction (MCR), specifically Ugi-3…
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a neoplasm caused by the formation of an immature osteoid matrix and is derived from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells. OS is known to be the 7 th most common primary bone cancer in childhood. OS is also known for its high proliferation ability and several mechanisms may be involved. Several pathways are linked to the progression and growth of cancers including the h…
This study investigates the potential of T-cell-mediated immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2, given the concerns about the high mutation rate in the virus's S protein and its potential impact on vaccine efficacy. The prevalent HLA class II alleles in the Indonesian population, namely HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-DRB1*15:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, play a crucial role in presenting viral peptide antigens to the…
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…