Tempe, a fermented soybean product from Indonesia, showcases how fermentation enhances nutritional value and digestibility. Rhizopus oligosporus, a key starter culture in tempe production, enzymatically enhances carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral availability from raw soybeans. This process also boosts bioactive compounds such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), recognized for its role as an in…
Modern food packaging provides a way to make food safe, reliable, shelf-stable and clean. Edible films, composed of biopolymers that biodegrade along with the food they contain, offer a preservation in structural integrity, and prevention in microbial growth as well as moisture loss. Edible films, crafted from abundantly found ingredients like carrageenan, offer a cost-effective and environ…
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting cognition and memory. The exact cause of AD remains unclear, but two primary theories have been suggested to explain its cause: the cholinergic and amyloid hypothesis. The extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein called neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) …
Infantile spasm is a type of epilepsy that occurs in infants that is characterized by the sudden movement throughout the whole body. It is crucial to detect the disease and undergo suitable treatments as soon as possible in order to minimize the potential negative long-term effect in learning development. One of the most effective treatments is the usage of anti-epileptic drug Vigabatrin that i…
Cognitive impairments in thinking are the example of neurodegenerative diseases that happened in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Short memory loss (dementia) is one of the symptoms, showed by 60-70% cases found and gradually progress in declination of thinking. Therefore, dementia usually is associated in AD. Lately, an inhibitory neurotransmitter called GABA is known for its relation with working memo…
GABA or gamma-aminobutyric acid is the major neurotransmitter that acts as inhibitors in the central nervous system. It is synthesized by the GAD or glutamic acid decarboxylase and transported into the synaptic system. GABA receptors are a protein consisting of at least 20 different subunits and considered as a complex molecule in the human brain. Specifically, the α1 subunit is abundan…