SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted rapid vaccine development. However, emerging variants challenge antibody-mediated protection. Targeting T-cell immunity is promising due to its crucial role in eliminating infected cells and the difficulty of viral evasion via HLA diversity. Despite this potential, there is a lack of HLA studies and SARS-CoV-2 epitope mapping in the I…
There have been reports regarding the autoimmunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, such as: GBS, SLE, multiple sclerosis, demyelinating neuropathies, and orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, narcolepsy, even vaccine-induced. However, the exact mechanism is still unclear. One of possible reason is molecular mimicry, a condition in which the T-cell epitopes come from the virus antige…
This study investigates the potential of T-cell-mediated immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2, given the concerns about the high mutation rate in the virus's S protein and its potential impact on vaccine efficacy. The prevalent HLA class II alleles in the Indonesian population, namely HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-DRB1*15:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, play a crucial role in presenting viral peptide antigens to the…
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…
The currently available COVID-19 vaccine is thought to be sufficient in protecting against SARSCoV-2 infection, whilst the constant mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and the failure of the vaccine mto evoke protective mucosal immunity have remained problems. This condition has brought forward the idea of targeting nucleocapsid (N) protein as a more conserved region of SARS-CoV-2, in addition to the spike…
Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a notable species reared in the aquaculture industry. It is famous for its protein content, rapid growth rate and adaptability in various types of water. It makes Tilapia advantageous in aquaculture for mass production through intensification. However, the stack volume of rearing may lead to disease manifestation by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses…
FF is a flavor-house company that focuses on flavor while utilizing the B2B concept. Lots of sectors could be found in the flavoring plant, and among them is dairy products. Immune has been a novel trending topic at the present and therefore enhancing dairy products such as yogurt using immune booster premix would be recommended and beneficial. Hence, the customer's acceptance could be incr…
Janeway's Immunobiology is a textbook that introduces the immune system in all its aspects to undergraduates, and also provides a treatment of the subject that is comprehensive enough to be useful to graduate students interested in research, and to medical students focused on clinical applications. The Eighth Edition has been thoroughly revised and updated and is available in both print and e-b…
Popular for its highly visual, straightforward approach, Cellular and Molecular Immunology delivers an accessible yet thorough understanding of this active and fast-changing field. Drs. Abul K. Abbas, Andrew H. Lichtman, and Shiv Pillai present key updates in this new edition to cover the latest developments in antigen receptors and signal transduction in immune cells, mucosal and skin immunity…
The book is another of the successful endeavours of the authors to teach basic immunology to beginners and summarise the main concepts of science in an easily readable way...Basic Immunology is an excellent up-to-date piece of work that covers all the major topics of immunology. The text is comprehensible and the concepts are written in a way that will satisfy the non-specialist reader and will…