Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer, accounting for 85% of cases of lung cancer. NSCLC is commonly treated with cisplatin, however, NSCLC develops resistance to cisplatin via several mechanisms, which reduces treatment efficacy and becomes a major challenge in its treatment. Several plant extracts have been researched as potential anticancer, includi…
Capsicum annuum, or chili pepper, is known from traditional medicine to have anti-tumor properties. Recent researches isolated to compound responsible to be Capsaicin, with few researches opposing this notion. Since there are some disagreements as to the validity of this claim, it is important that further tests need to be conducted to prove or disprove the point. Hence, this thesis aimed to…
Endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition are the standard-of-care treatments for patients with advanced or metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Despite improvements in the overall progression-free survival, resistance develops in patients by unidentified mechanisms. Preliminary CRISPR/Cas9 screens from the Caldon lab revealed that loss of the MAPK9 gene (encoding JNK2) …
Colorectal cancer is the third place cause of death tumor globally. And its frequent prevalence may be caused by the conventional treatments that has been applied. One of the conventional or commonly used treatments are chemotherapy, one of colorectal cancer common chemotherapy are oxaliplatin. This would create drug-resistant cancer. For this effort in counteracting the resistant caused by …
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and cancer-related mortalities worldwide. The transformation of normal colon and rectal cells to malignant adenocarcinomas due to unrepaired DNA damage which leads to oncogenic mutations. These mutations also increase the frequency of DNA damage, leading to endogenous replication stress (RS). This introduces an opportunity to induce sy…
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a malignant tumor found in the brain stem which mainly affects children. It has an aggressive nature with no available curative treatment. Cancer immunotherapy using specific tumor antigens to target tumor cells may be a viable alternative therapeutic option for DIPG, however antigen presentation is highly downregulated in tumors. This study aims t…
Paediatric cancer accounts for the majority of cancer-related mortality in children. Although current treatment increased the overall survival rates, young individuals often encounter life-long side effects from toxic therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for targeted therapies aimed at tumour-specific vulnerabilities for greater specificity and reduced toxicity, in which precision m…
Personalized medicine helps make decisions about illness prevention, diagnosis, and therapy based on a person's genetic profile. To use personalized medicine, genetic testing using Next generation sequencing (NGS) performed to determine the best drugs to treat the diseases. Cancer can be treated using personalized medicine. Each year, the number of cancer patients is rising, and with person…
Cancer is a complex disease that involves the growth of cells inside the body. In 2020, more than 10 million people died from cancer worldwide. One of them is colon cancer, which is the third common type of cancer after breast and lung cancer. The colon cancer itself has around 1.9 million cases and taking the lives of around 930.000 people. It began with a small cell, which later turns int…
Lung cancer is the most malignant tumor with the highest mortality in the world. Early diagnosis and prognosis are important to improve the patient’s survival rate. With AI, screening which is one of the methods of detection is more sensitive and accurate allowing better analysis. This will in turn assist medical professionals in their line of work and improve the medical field overall. Th…
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) protein is abundantly expressed in PC cells and has been linked to tumor growth and metastasis. This research intends to provide insights into the cytotoxic effect of the CEACAM6-mediated targeted therapy using anti-CEACA…
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in females worldwide, in which one of its major causative agents is human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). The current HPV screening measures are responsible for reducing CC incidence; however, some limitations still persist which brings about the necessity to investigate novel biomarkers. The HPV16 genome contains several genes with…
Tankyrase 1 has received attention as a promising target for anti-cancer therapies due to its upregulated expression in various cancer types. Its crucial role in PARsylation leads to the degradation of tumor suppressors (e.g. Axin, TRF1, and PTEN) through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, highlighting its significance in oncogenic processes. The urgency to discover novel tankyrase 1 inhibitors …
This report summarizes a total of 2 months of internship project at the Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand. This internship project takes place in the science department more specifically in the organic chemistry laboratory. During this internship, the authors tried to synthesize and investigate the intermediates of kusunokinin to enhance its anticancer activity. Kusunokinin inter…
Mahidol University is one of the best Campuses in Thailand, which focused on science and medicine. Organic chemistry is part of the department that mainly focuses on the synthesis of natural compounds as well as finding new synthetic methods that are more effective. In this internship oppurtunity, the author got a chance to experience how to work as a chemist. Specifically, this internship proj…
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world among women. Research have shown the efiicacy of phytochecmicals as asupplementary treatment in breast cancer through the regulation of gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression. This study aims to identify differentially expressed miRNA-gene pairs in breast cancer across different stages in o…
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for 67-80% of all breast cancer subtypes. Endocrine therapies are initially given as part of first-line treatment, however 20% of the patients develop resistance. The overactivation of cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) is one of the underlying mechanisms. Hence the addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib in combination with en…
Globally, colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer to be diagnosed. Nonetheless, there are current therapies for colorectal cancer, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Unfortunately, overuse of chemotherapy can lead to chemoresistance to specific chemotherapeutic agents. For instance, late-stage colorectal cancer is treated with oxaliplatin. On the other hand, o…
Pancreatic Cancer (PaCa) is the 5th leading cause of cancer-related death in the UK. Understanding the signalling behind PaCa development is essential to create novel treatment for PaCa. RAMPs are family of single transmembrane domain proteins. The interaction between RAMP and GPCR give rise to AM receptor complex. AM is a hormone that has been shown to promote progression of various tumou…
Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer and is the primary cause of mortality among women on a global scale. It is deadly once metastasize and therefore its early detection and prevention of its metastasis was crucial for the survival of the patient. Treatment targeting the prevention of metastasis was a necessity. Laportea decumana is a plant which has been shown to possess anti-ca…
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, with metastasis serving as the primary cause of death. While metastasis has been widely studied, a significant amount still remains unexplored, particularly the role of glycosylation. Glycosylation is a fundamental aspect in a variety of biological processes, indicating that slight changes in it can lead to detrimental effects such as cancer, w…
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. PC has greater racial or ethnic disparities than any other cancer type. African-Americans (AA) have a prevalence in relation to incidence rates and cancer aggressiveness compared to European-Americans (EA). Thus, understanding the genetic background of PC can provide new insight i…
Prostate cancer (PC) is a heterogeneous disease that has a slow progression compared to other types of cancers, where the severity of prostate cancer commonly increases along the age of each individual. PC is still considered as a global disease and its development is affected by racial differences. African-American (AA) men are proven to be more susceptible to PC compared to European-Ame…
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly found cancer cases worldwide with a relatively high mortality rate. It was found to be highly correlated with metastasis properties of cancer cells that facilitate their rapid invasion and motility. The reduction of disulfide bonds into active thiol functional groups was previously found to be able to reduce the migration and invasion of other cancer…
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises the majority of lung cancer about 75-80%, and a quarter of NSCLC cases have mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Adenocarcinomas of the lung harboring the L858R mutation in exon 21 have proven to be more adverse in terms of prognosis than exon 19 mutations. Therefore, developing highly sensitive and selective methods to …
Cancer is one of the world's most serious health challenges. It was anticipated that more than 19 million recent cancer cases and about 10 million deaths worldwide were recorded in the year of 2020. There are various treatments available, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however, those treatments have severe side effects because they do not precisely aim at the cancerous cell as it is al…
ancer is a major burden in the healthcare system, as the leading disease in terms of DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) afflicted to the patient, and second in terms of mortality rate. Until this day, there is still no permanent universal cure for cancer, with current treatments either capable of afflicting adverse side effects to the patient, or relying on several different mechanisms …
Cell Press Reviews: Cancer Therapeutics informs, inspires, and connects cancer researchers at all stages in their careers with timely, comprehensive reviews written by leaders in the field and curated by Cell Press editors. The publication offers a broad view of some of the most compelling topics in cancer therapeutics including: Genetic approaches for personal oncology Targeting epigenetic…
In 2020, breast cancer incidence in Indonesian women had become the highest among other cancers. There are different approaches to combat this disease; one of them is immunotherapy which focuses on utilizing the body’s immune cells to eliminate and evoke an immune response against cancer. This study aims to develop a multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine targeting Mucin 1 (MUC-1) and Matrix Met…
Among the many causes of death, cancer has ranked second as the major contributor of mortality worldwide and has caused a high rate of mortality in Indonesia alone. Chemotherapy is a common treatment used to treat cancer, yet chemotherapy is cytotoxic to both cancer cells and healthy cells, causing a lot of undesired adverse effects such as hair loss, nausea, and anemia. Recently, plant-derived…
The low approval rate of anticancer drugs in the cancer industry is due to the inaccuracy of preclinical models to clinical trials. Models such as 3D in vitro models have become a viable option since it is more customizable, especially since they can be 3D bioprinted. The use of biomaterials in 3D bioprinting has become an exciting alternative to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine…
Cancer, the cause of the highest mortality number worldwide in 2020, had the majority of its deaths coming from low to middle income countries, which includes Indonesia. The importance of searching for cancer treatment therefore rose due to the high mortality number. Cancer vaccine is currently considered one of the most favorable approach among cancer therapies due to its high specificity, low…
Cervical cancer is included in the fourth list of most common cancer among women worldwide and the second top cancer among women in Indonesia. However, the available method to fight this cancer is only prevention, such as screening and prophylactic vaccination. As most cases arise from women who have not gotten HPV vaccination, developing a therapeutic vaccine is essential. Most of the case…
Prostate cancer is commonly found among men above 65 years old, making it one of the most commonly found malignancies found worldwide. Prostate cancer lacks early signs or symptoms, making it hard to diagnose in the early stages. The late-stage diagnosis tendencies accompanied by the inherent resistance mutation capability of cancer make it a hard disease to cure. Recently advancements in the m…
Molecular Biology of Cancer: Mechanisms, Targets, and Therapeutics offers an accessible, engaging, and optimistic account of cancer biology for undergraduate and graduate students. Using the hallmarks of cancer as a starting point, the book looks at the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the transformation of cells into cancer cells. After discussing the theory, each chapter then …
The ease of access to food in our era has come with a risk of unhealthy lifestyle, giving rise to numerous health problems, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the development of cancer chemotherapy has been outpaced by the swift growth of CRC prevalence. The harsh side effects still become the primary reason for the low patient compliance, which may be minimized by limiting the drug ac…
Despite being the second leading cause of death, treating cancer is still remarkably challenging. The most commonly used option to treat cancer is chemotherapy regardless of its toxicity not only to cancer cells but also to highly proliferative cells under normal physiological conditions such as hair follicle, bone marrow, and GI tract mucosa, which possibly decrease the patient's quality of li…
In the past 10 years, cancer research has been increasing and the discovery of new anticancer properties is targeted by the scientist. Medicinal plants are considered as the target for developing new anticancer drugs since it is more tolerable and has less side effects. Laportea decumana is one of the plants that grows in Papua, Indonesia. It has been used as the anti-fatigue and anti-stiff. It…