Neutrophils are the main cells that play a significant role in the innate immune system. Upon a pathogenic invasion, these cells are recruited to the site of infection and perform many different functions. Targeting the neutrophils for therapeutic interventions has been a great challenge due to the complexity of their signaling pathway and mechanisms. Therefore, the search for drug candidates t…
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in females worldwide, in which one of its major causative agents is human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). The current HPV screening measures are responsible for reducing CC incidence; however, some limitations still persist which brings about the necessity to investigate novel biomarkers. The HPV16 genome contains several genes with…
The Deleted in Liver Cancer family houses the RhoGAP proteins DLC1 and DLC2, which have already been known for their tumor suppressive capabilities, and DLC3, whose studies regarding this gene are minimal. This study seeks to elucidate the function of DLC3 protein towards tumor development by looking at the changes in angiogenesis and cell migration rate following DLC3 downregulation, using zeb…
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionised immunotherapy by boosting T celldriven tumour cell destruction through specific antigen recognition. Despite its success in haematological cancers, significant hurdles in using CAR T cells for solid tumours are the suppression of CAR T cell proliferation and effector functions. This research addresses the pressing challenge in ca…
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant challenge in clinical management due to late-stage diagnosis and limited curative interventions. The imperative to develop more efficacious therapeutic approaches for HCC underscores the exploration of oncolytic virotherapy, an innovative treatment modality exhibiting promising antitumor properties. Among potential oncolytic vectors, the measle…
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have garnered attention in virology due to their potential in mitigating lyssavirus attachment to brain cells. Recent studies highlight heparin's ability to impede viral attachment to heparan sulfate, suggesting its role in preventing viral entry. Pseudoviruses have been utilized as safer alternatives in lyssavirus research, generated through co-transfection of plasmid…
Tankyrase 1 has received attention as a promising target for anti-cancer therapies due to its upregulated expression in various cancer types. Its crucial role in PARsylation leads to the degradation of tumor suppressors (e.g. Axin, TRF1, and PTEN) through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, highlighting its significance in oncogenic processes. The urgency to discover novel tankyrase 1 inhibitors …
Tuberculosis caused by an obligate aerobic bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most lifelong diseases that has been infecting humans worldwide; Indonesia is one of the countries that has the highest prevalence of tuberculosis. The bacteria itself possesses an atypical cell wall structure that protects them from harmful drugs. With the inconsistent, prolonged drug treatmen…
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive pediatric CNS tumor yet lacking standardized therapies while current management standards are not of significant clinical benefit. With the opportunity of accessing the Childhood Cancer Model Atlas (CCMA)’s vast pediatric cancer resources, high-throughput drug screening (HTS) was carried out on the CCMA’s ATRT cohort against the novel…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) which is still considered a global burden. Japan has not yet been successful in fulfilling the UNAIDS/WHO (90/90/90) target due to the lack of HIV surveillance in the country. HIV is known as a virus with a very high genetic diversity in which the presence of insertions or deletions (indels) and sin…
Enterobacter bugandensis belongs to the ESKAPE bacteria, a group notorious for being prominent causative agents of hospital-acquired infections. Despite being a recent discovery in 2016, E. bugandensis is an emerging pathogen that has been responsible for several bacteremia outbreaks. Notably, E. bugandensis possesses high levels of multidrug resistance and little is known about its pathogenesi…
Persisting as a risk to public health worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted extensive global research efforts to unravel the dynamic of virus-host interplay contributing to disease severity. One of the SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins, ORF9b, is recognized for its role in the alteration of host antiviral type I inte…
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can elicit both positive and negative effects on the skin. Among the three types of UV radiation, UVB (280-315 nm) is particularly detrimental, causing sunburns, skin cancer, and premature aging. Furthermore, UV exposure induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which the skin recognizes as external ROS. This study investigates …
The crisis of antibacterial resistance is an inevitable consequence of the widespread use of antibacterial agents in human health-related settings and agriculture. One of the oldest strategies to combat this crisis is to screen for novel antibacterial drug classes or structures, leading to the discovery of numerous antibacterial compounds, many of which are isolated from actinomyces/ Streptomyc…
Malaria has been a major health issue in Indonesia. Thus, diagnostic methods play a major role in the control and elimination of the disease. The most common methods in the field to detect malaria are microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT), with the latter more recommended due to its simplicity and minimal expertise requirements. The most widely used RDTs are PfHRP2-based RDTs. However, the…
The body odor issue has prompted increasing concern among individuals, attributed to the malodorous byproducts of sweat gland activity, particularly in the axillary skin region, which is metabolized by the cutaneous microflora. To address this matter, the formulation of deodorant products has emerged as a potential solution. Comprising a spectrum of compounds and a natural product, reported as …
The worldwide impact of breast cancer (BRCA) has received a lot of attention due to its poor prognosis which leads to the high mortality and morbidity rate. Studies suggest that the high morbidity rate is mainly due to ineffectiveness of existing conventional therapies including chemotherapy, surgery as well as radiation therapy. Consequently, researchers are investigating gene therapy as a pro…
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis, being commonly diagnosed in the unresectable advanced or metastatic stage which poses an extremely poor prognosis for patients. Hypoxia predominates most pancreatic cancer tumour microenvironments (TME), with HIF-1 signalling being overexpressed in 88% of all pancreatic cancers. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerge…
The medial habenula (MHb) is the less explored subregion of the emerging brain structure, Habenula (Hb) with roles in fear memory expression, anxiety, and addiction. At the neuron terminals where MHb neurons project to, the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), vesicular neurotransmitter release is triggered by the influx of calcium ions via Ca v2.3 calcium channels, and robustly potentiated by GABAB …
Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear and phagocytic leukocytes that act as the first line of innate immune defense to protect and rapidly kill the invading pathogens from the human body. In general, neutrophils are essential immune cells that play a significant role in the early response to infections through their ability to migrate into affected tissues upon pathogens invasion. The activation of…
This book captivates student interest, opening minds to the wonder of developmental biology, whilst covering required material with scientific rigour. The tenth edition reflects the exciting new age of genomics, genetic regulatory networks and digital visualization techniques while keeping focus on the major questions of animal development.
This internship program at PT Ramuraga Tirta Lestari aimed to optimize and improve various aspects of kombucha production, including food safety, data organization, and production efficiency. The intern worked on several projects to achieve this goal, such as calibrating pH meters to ensure accurate measurement of acidity levels in kombucha, sterilizing bottles to prevent contamination and main…
Packaging preserves the quality of the finished product for consumption, storage, and transportation, making it one of the most crucial steps in producing food goods. In cheese products, molds can contribute to odor, distinctive flavor, consistency, and appearance and increase shelf life. However, some species might cause product spoilage. Thus, high-quality packaging is required to prevent mol…
The actual disparities of alcohol consumption and preference between men and women varies among countries, cultures, and individuals. The late years of adolescence to early adulthood can be a challenging yet explorative period for many young adults. Generally, this period becomes associated with an increased interest and consumption towards alcoholic beverages, which allows people to develop th…
Businesses need to continuously evolve, adapt, and sustain themselves to sustain their competitive edge, and a vital part of this flexibility is the ongoing hunt for new suppliers. In order to identify acceptable raw materials for replacement, the R&D department's involvement in alternative sourcing becomes crucial. This study uses a previous project that has already been done which is the subs…
The internship report highlights the work as a Research and Development intern for five months carried out by the authors in PT Nutrifood Indonesia. It is a limited liability company that operates in the food industry and specializes in producing healthy foods and beverages. The intern was responsible for new product development and enhancing existing orange powder drinks and RTD products (oat …
In recent years, the food industry develops functional food which produces health benefits to the customer and the beverage industry is a suitable sector to explore. Therefore, this project aims to develop a collagen drink using the Thong Pha Phum GI (Geographical Index) rambutan as a locally grown fruit in Thailand. The main objective is to observe the effects of different concentrations of ra…
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are mainly caused by postprandial lipemia (PPL), an increase of triglycerides-rich lipoprotein level in blood between time after a meal. Food consumption containing dietary fiber has been reported to lower blood triglycerides accumulation. Hence, this study aims to understand the effect of soluble non-viscous dietary fiber towards the lipid absorption in the food …
Obesity has become one of the major health problems that increase the level of consumer awareness to seek healthy food choices. Greek Yogurt (GY) is a dairy product that is suitable for alternative substitution of cream cheese (CC) in the production of cheesecake. This study aims to determine the effect of using different types of GY on cheesecake application as a substitution for (CC). The ana…
K-Wave has been popular for Indonesians in various forms of entertainment and culture including Korean Food from early 2000s. Kimchi has become one of their favourite dishes. Kimchi products can be easily found in the Indonesian market in numerous forms such as instant noodle seasoning. However, the innovation of kimchi flavor in the instant noodle seasoning is lacking, therefore, the idea of â…
The consumption of low or zero−calorie carbonated soft drinks (CSD) which utilize artificial sweeteners are growing in popularity as it can provide sweetness without adding calories. A blend of acesulfame−K and sucralose is known to exhibit good taste results in comparison to sugar−containing products. In this study, different concentrations of sweetening agents (100% sucrose, 60% sucrose…
The prevailing ubiquity of carbonated beverages in the consumer market is coupled with concerns regarding their high sugar content, which is implicated in health risks such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers. Acknowledging these health implications, PT Sinar Sosro is actively reformulating its products to reduce sugar content. This project focuse…
Food industries continuously evolve to comply with consumer demands and preferences, requiring creativity and innovation to provide various products favorable in the market. The internship in PT. Nutrisi Harapan Bangsa has increased the author’s knowledge and skills about new product development in food companies. During the internship, the whole process of new product development, starting f…
This internship experience provides an overview of complete understanding of tasks carried out as a part of Product Innovation and Application team within a flavor company. Starting with basics of flavor chemistry, the internship covered key areas in learning different flavor notes and how to perceive them. Additionally, the internship project delved into processed cheese development with the p…
Cakes are sweet baked goods that are characterized by sweet flavor, soft, and dense crumb. Development of cake premix as a diversification product is necessary since it offers longer shelf life and simpler handling especially due to the hectic modern lifestyle, which lacks time for food preparation. Cake premix prepared with addition of emulsifier to create better aeration, high volume, and inc…
Pandus Food Industry is an individual company located in Purbalingga, Central Java. The company was founded in 1977. The products provided by Pandus Food Industry are two types of noodle, (1) Sohun and (2) Egg noodles. My position during the internship was to work in the production part as a productive team, learning the production process of Sohun in detail. The objective of internship is to k…
The internship period at IFF was started from July 2023 to January 2024. The author was assigned to Innovation, Creative and Design (C&D), specifically in sweet application for beverage products. During the internship, the author's obligations were to assist the designer in formulating and producing beverage products for customers. In addition, the author conducted an individual project with an…
Increasing awareness of health is a positive trend that is spreading throughout the world. One effort that can be made to increase consumption of nutritious food is by adding vitamins, minerals and functional products to food. PT Global Vita Nutritech, is the first local company in Indonesia to provide premixes containing vitamins, minerals and other functional ingredients. Because the products…
Macaroni is one type of pasta that could be made from local ingredients. In this study, sago is used as the fundamental component in macaroni since it is gluten-free and has a high carbohydrate content. However, sago has a weakness since it contains low protein. To overcome that, plant-protein is chosen as the addition of protein content since it is affordable. One example of plant-protein is o…
As a digital marketing intern at Kalbe International, the author was tasked with maintaining and growing the digital presence of Extra Joss in Cambodia. This included analyzing the social media accounts for content engagement rates and follower growth; while also formulating, designing and posting contents for the social media platforms including Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. Extra Joss is an…
In the freeze-dried snack and food market, PT Sadjian Bumi Indonesia is a small business that specializes in compact and quick food items and offers products with extended lifespans. Under the brand name Sadjian, PT Sadjian Bumi Indonesia offered the products. The concept of PT Sadjian Bumi Indonesia's product is to offer a distinctive, easy-to-consume food item that is also more nutritional. S…
The internship at PT. Symrise, a global manufacturer of flavors and fragrances, offered valuable practical experience in the food industry, specifically in flavor application for the sweets and beverages department. Tasks included compounding prototypes, analyzing physicochemical properties, and contributing to sensory evaluations. The focus on developing flavors for diverse products, such as r…
One of the problems faced by palm oil industry and consumers is its susceptibility to lipid oxidation, leading to food deterioration. Therefore, there is a rise interest in antioxidant utilization, especially natural antioxidants to maintain the quality of oil and to prevent the oxidation. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of antioxidant utilization towards the oxidation lev…
This study explores the impact of stabilizers (guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan) on the appearance,viscosity, and sensory evaluation of recombinant chocolate milk. Through viscosity measurements and sensory evaluations, it aims to understand how stabilizers influence sensory and physical characteristics for product development. In the quest for superior dairy products, man…
Digital marketing has been one of the most trending marketing strategies as marketing are shifting towards marketing 4.0. PT Kalbe Farma Tbk is a pharmaceutical company which is commonly known as Kalbe Farma. One of the products sold is an energy drink called Extra Joss. Extra Joss has been sold since 1994 in Indonesia. Nevertheless, Extra Joss is a new product in the Myanmar market, which beca…
Wolffia spp. had garnered attention as a potential "superfood" due to its reported nutritional value, offering a promising solution to the escalating global obesity crisis. Nonetheless, Wolffia spp. exhibits a moisture content of approximately 95% post-harvest, necessitating a drying procedure to reduce the microbial growth and facilitate storage, packaging, and transportation. This study focus…
The widespread consumption of jamu, a traditional herbal medicine, contributes to the accumulation of rhizome pomace (RP), a by-product generated during the water extraction of local rhizomes, such as black turmeric (Curcuma aeruginosa), white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria), and aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.) used in jamu production. This study addresses the environmental challenge posed …
Incorporating milk into day-to-day meals may be a suitable nutrient-dense diet choice as it contains protein, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. However, milk consumption in Indonesian adults is relatively low compared to other Southeast Asian countries. This project developed instant powdered milk with three local Indonesian dessert flavors (Es Pisang Ijo, Es Cendol, and Es Brenebon) as an i…
Lifestyle has been a factor that highly influences human health and life quality. The rising trend of healthy lifestyle has been one of the supporting factors in current changes in food consumption pattern. One of the trends that can be seen to be constantly rising over the past year in the food industry are vegan and plant based food. Alternative plant based food products that imitate real mea…