This study was completed by the author who had the opportunity to do an internship as an E-commerce marketing intern at Kalbe Nutritionals. Kalbe Nutritionals assure the products bring goodness to life for all of the customers, both in Indonesia and across the world, and are convinced that the company should constantly provide the most excellent nutrition solution to each individual. Nowadays, …
Triple negative breast cancer is a subtypes of breast cancer that are known to have a bad prognosis and spread faster. TNBC tends to have bad prognosis due to the absence of the ER, PR, and HER receptors on the surface of the cells. These absent of receptor cause a limitation for treating them, Additionally, several drugs were proposed as a treatment for TNBC but administration of a single drug…
Exposure to harmful stimuli could induce tissue damage. Failure to remove the harmful stimuli and to repair its resulting damages is associated with increased level of ER stress, which is also closely associated with development of age-related diseases including cancer and metabolic diseases. Additionally, chronic inflammation, characterized by the imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage ratio, is al…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by flares of pruritic lesions, rashes and lichenification. Skin barrier and immune barrier dysfunction, grouped with genetic predisposition all contribute to the development of AD. Available medications with the purpose of mitigating symptoms and exacerbations provide surface-level therapeuti…
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is a natural byproduct that plays many important roles for the body such as cell signaling, cell survival, and cell death. However, the accumulation of ROS can cause damage to the cell that leads to cell death and eventually to aging. To overcome that, various studies look for antioxidant substances, such as phenolic, flavonoids, and alkaloids. As the study of n…
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic has brought to light how crucial it is to comprehend the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its proteins in order to develop efficient treatment and diagnostic approaches. However, there are difficulties with storage, processing, and analysis because of the enormous number of SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence data. In order to analyze SARS-CoV-2 data, this study examines the …
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are mostly gram-positive bacteria, are frequently utilized in the food fermentation processes. In the last decade, LAB has been used in the development of probiotics to promote health and well-being by boosting the immune system and balancing gut microbes. An effective probiotic must have the capacity to adhere to human epithelial cells, and produce antimic…
hellfish allergy is one of the highest prevalence allergies in the world, accounting for 7.7% of the population including Indonesia. Thus, the development of T cell epitope and B cell epitope based vaccines play an important role in future prospects for alternative treatment for allergy. The vaccine aims to induce the immune system so it will not react towards the allergen though the body al…
"Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis that could evade at least two different first-line anti tuberculosis drugs. MDR-TB poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in middle to lower income countries where affordable and rapid diagnostic tools are crucially needed. This situation has brought the idea of leveraging who…
Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) leads to the accumulation of aggregationprone proteins which has been linked to neurodegeneration and cancer. The 26S proteasome is acentral component of the UPS. It assembles by the successive recruitment of the 33 different proteasome subunits which is assisted by proteasome assembly chaperones: five for the CP and five for the RP. RPAC…
Herbal medicines are often used as therapeutic agents and contains one or multiple active compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Flavonoids are natural compounds which are essential for pharmacological activity of plants and are known for antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. As antiviral properties, Juglanin and quercetin are known to inhibit COVID-19 repli…
Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) aims to find genomic variants that correlates with the occurrence of certain traits within a population. Various tools and algorithms can be utilized to conduct GWAS, among them are PLINK, Hail, and VariantSpark. In this study, a GWAS analysis pipeline was developed using PLINK, Hail, and VariantSpark to assess their performance in conduction GWAS asso…
Ubiquitination is a post translational modification (PTM) process that plays a role in protein degradation by the addition of ubiquitin groups to target protein. In the ubiquitination process, E3 ubiquitin ligase is responsible to mediate the bridge between E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and substrate for ubiquitin conjugation. Pellino1 or PELI1, one of the ubiquitin ligases, was found to …
With the increasing concern about finding a different cure to overcome bacterial skin infections, this research aims to investigate the ability of the innate cell ability to decrease intracellular bacteria infection through autophagy. This study explores and decides several potential naturally-derived autophagy-inducing compounds to be applied to Escherichia coli-infected keratinocytes (HaCaT c…
Skin is the largest human organ which functions as the first barrier, which gradually ages over time and under stressful circumstances from the presence of ROS and finally results in skin disorders. Where the increased expression of the MMP-1 and COX-2 genes is one of the indicators of aging. Thus, a source of anti-aging is required. Natural sources with anti-aging characteristics are currently…
The idea of anti-aging has become increasingly significant worldwide as people have begun to understand how aging impacts human health significantly. Currently, various synthetic anti-aging agents are available in the market. However, synthetic agents are often associated with several adverse effects. Hence, people are now looking for other alternatives. One of the candidates is secretome from …
Diabetes is one of the most lethal and ninth most common diseases in the world, which is a metabolic disorder that causes a high and unusual blood sugar level due to the inability of the body to utilize sugar. Diabetes can cause multiple complications and damage to the system, one of them is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The most advanced treatment nowadays for DFU is by utilizing bio-cellulose, …
Aging is a universal phenomenon which affects all living organisms; a gradual degradation of form and function as the body succumbs to ever accumulating adverse changes. The skin is the largest and most superficial organ of the human body; as such it is exposed to external stressors which would increase the production of ROS, the primary actor of the aging process. As a response, the cell wi…
Pancreatic Cancer (PaCa) is the 5th leading cause of cancer-related death in the UK. Understanding the signalling behind PaCa development is essential to create novel treatment for PaCa. RAMPs are family of single transmembrane domain proteins. The interaction between RAMP and GPCR give rise to AM receptor complex. AM is a hormone that has been shown to promote progression of various tumou…
Background: FIP-Lrh is a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Tiger Milk Mushroom with immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties. Its biological properties can be further elucidated with the availability of a crystal structure. However, crystal structures from only four FIPs have been reported so far. As such, previous study at UCSI and MGVI on rFIP-Lrh crystallisation under two conditions …
Topic Dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin rashes and lesions. Downregulation or upregulation of various genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of AD makes it a complex disease. The main contributing genes are the skin barrier genes, FLG, IVL, and inflammatory genes, TSLP, TARC, IL-33, IL-25, MDC, and CTACK which are being investigated in this study. The curr…
The gut microbiota determines the intestinal health status of the host by regulating gut epithelial and immune functions. Depletion of the beneficial gut microbiota after radiation exposure contributes to an exaggerated inflammatory response and dysregulation of intestinal epithelial cells. Previous studies demonstrated that administration of beneficial gut microbiota, Lactobacillus acidophilus…
Litsea oppositifolia is one of the species found in Indonesia and its pharmacological effects have not been well studied. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of L. oppositifolia stem extract was evaluated in human keratinocytes (HacaT cells) under H2O2-induced oxidative stress through related gene expression. The ethanol stem extract of L. oppositifolia was screened initially for its antioxidan…