Malaria is a major health issue worldwide, with Papua being the epicenter of malaria in Indonesia. To reduce malaria transmission, diagnostic methods have become a crucial pillar in malaria control and elimination. Due to their simplicity, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are used to diagnose malaria in areas lacking expert microscopists, specifically PfHRP2-based RDTs. However, the emergence …
Malaria is a disease caused by infection of the Plasmodium parasite that spreads through Anopheles mosquitoes, which mainly plagues humans living in regions with poor healthcare and countries around the equator. Among the five species capable of causing malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are noted as the most threatening species, as their manifestations in humans …
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in females worldwide, in which one of its major causative agents is human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). The current HPV screening measures are responsible for reducing CC incidence; however, some limitations still persist which brings about the necessity to investigate novel biomarkers. The HPV16 genome contains several genes with…
Malaria has been a major health issue in Indonesia. Thus, diagnostic methods play a major role in the control and elimination of the disease. The most common methods in the field to detect malaria are microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT), with the latter more recommended due to its simplicity and minimal expertise requirements. The most widely used RDTs are PfHRP2-based RDTs. However, the…
Laportea decumana often known as itchy leaf, is a Papuan wild plant. Its antiviral activity was investigated for future recommendations of possibly new medication development, and the NDV virus was employed as a safe model for infection. To investigate the toxicity of itching leaves, a cytotoxicity experiment employing MTS was performed. Plaque assays were performed to evaluate the antiviral ac…
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease that affects 20% of children aged three to six months and 3% of adults worldwide. Despite its prevalence, the exact cause of the disease remains unclear due to its complexity of the disease. Many available drugs in the market for treating AD focus on preventing the disease from worsening, such as managing skin infection, hydration, inflammation, a…
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises the majority of lung cancer about 75-80%, and a quarter of NSCLC cases have mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Adenocarcinomas of the lung harboring the L858R mutation in exon 21 have proven to be more adverse in terms of prognosis than exon 19 mutations. Therefore, developing highly sensitive and selective methods to …
Thalassemia can be defined as a recessive autosomal blood disorder that mainly affects the amount and normal function of hemoglobin that works primarily to carry oxygen throughout the body. The low amount or absence of hemoglobin within the red blood cells can cause a tremendous effect on the body as the RBCs could be degraded, creating an anemic condition for those who suffer from the dis…
Therapeutic mAbs are the class of innovative therapeutic molecules with the highest growth (mAbs). They have great potential for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer and chronic inflammatory conditions. In 1975 in order to develop monoclonal antibodies 2 scientists, Kohler and Milstein developed a technique in the fusion of myeloma cells with immunized mouse immune cells resulti…
Antibiotic resistance is currently reaching alarmingly high levels throughout the world. The discovery of novel antibiotic resistance mechanisms threatens our ability to treat contagious diseases. Antibiotic resistance is a severe issue for doctors who treat infectious diseases because it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. The urgency also occurs in the primary clini…
Probiotics are microorganisms that can confer health benefits when consumed in sufficient amounts. One of the examples of probiotics is Pediococcus acidilactici which has probiotic potential due to its characteristics, such as its ability to produce pediocin. Probiotics are usually subjected to various temperature stresses during their processing and storage, which may lead to undesirable…
Pneumonia is an infectious lung disease that is commonly found in secondary bacterial co-infection in severe COVID-19 infection, namely COVID Pneumonia, and it is accounted for higher morbidity and mortality rate than COVID-19 infection alone. To find immunomodulators that able to act as gene expression regulators is important to minimise the occurrence of cytokine storms. Three kinds of In…
A healthy and moisturized skin is the result of a healthy and functioning barrier function. The barrier function mainly consists of the CE layer of the epidermis, which is formed by the cross-linking of FLG, IVL, and LOR genes that are catalyzed by TGM-1 gene. However, due to many factors, the moisture and water content in the skin may be altered; thus, resulting in dry skin. The usage of moist…
"Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is most common form of dementia and a neurodegenerative disease characterized by significant decline in cognitive ability that interferes with daily activities. This disease is characterized by accumulation of amyloid-β, NFTs, and oxidative stress in the brain of AD patient that leads to inflammation and neurotoxicity. Around 50 million people worldwide suffer from …