Influenza A Virus is a virus that lacks proofreading function which makes the virus have a high mutation rate. It has several types of strains and there are three subtypes that become a major concern due to their prevalence and pathogenicity. Those subtypes are H1N1, H5N1, and H3N2. There are several antivirals commonly used to treat IAV like oseltamivir, peramivir, and also zanamivir. Thos…
Apple (Malus domestica) is the second most popular fruit for processing globally due to its high nutritional value. However, with the increasing health consciousness, consumers are looking for foods and beverages with health-promoting benefits and nutritional value. Thus, the demand for functional foods and beverages with prebiotic properties.
The consumption of apples has shifted towards apple juice due to its convenience and potential for processing. Apples possess strong antioxidant qualities due to the high concentration of polyphenols. However, the processing of apple juice results in a significant loss of antioxidant activities, hence lowering the functional and nutritional value of the product. This study aims to increase …
Psoriasis is the most common type of chronic inflammatory skin disease clinically characterized by a scaly erythematous eruption in the epidermal skin, primarily caused by the interaction of immune cells and keratinocytes that induces inflammatory skin response. Psoriasis is best characterized as a complex, multifactorial disorder, where both genetic and environmental factors play crucial roles…
The skin provides conspicuous signs of aging, and many people are willing to spend a grand amount of money to keep their youthful appearance. Nowadays, treatments to delay the signs of aging in the skin are available, but most people favor the use of topically applied serum, due to its high concentration of active ingredients and comfortable finish product. This project highlights the evalu…
Jamu is an Indonesian traditional medicine drink made from rhizomes. However, it leaves pomace waste that possesses several environmental problems. Several efforts to reduce the waste accumulation could be performed, including using the pomace as a Pickering emulsion stabilizer. In order to obtain this function, the pomace needs to be dried first using an optimal temperature. Thus, this study a…
The discharge of untreated industrial wastewater into rivers in Malaysia presents significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning ammonium and phosphorus pollution in aquatic ecosystems, which entail ecological, economic, and health implications. Addressing these concerns, this research focuses on comprehensively characterizing diverse microorganisms within fermented fruit bio…
Herbal medicines are often used as therapeutic agents and contains one or multiple active compounds such as alkaloids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Flavonoids are natural compounds which are essential for pharmacological activity of plants and are known for antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. As antiviral properties, Juglanin and quercetin are known to inhibit COVID-19 repli…
Food loss/waste has been a problem and worrying issue growing at an alarming rate in many parts of the world, including the developing country, Malaysia. Amongst food waste, fruits and vegetables are wasted at the highest rate. This problem emerges because of many factors, the most significant of which is human consumption behavior. Food waste poses a great threat to the ecosystem because of it…
This study builds upon prior research that established optimal conditions for producing nanozero valent iron (nZVI). This study aimed to validate the efficacy of nZVI generated through electrochemistry in treating hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). Hexavalent chromium is an environmental pollutant found in water bodies and soil, and the development of an effective removal method is essential. The …
Chocolate spread is a complex multiphase system of solid-oil suspensions that is made up of a dispersion phase comprising cocoa powder, sugar, fat, milk, and emulsifiers. The purpose of this research is to develop the chocolate spread with different types of vegetable oils such as lab-made VCO, commercial palm kernel oil (PKO), and commercial VCO. The objective was to evaluate the effect of di…
"he objective was to compare the FFA values of lab-made VCO to commercial PKO and commercial VCO, compare the quality of the lab-made VCO with commercial, and investigate the potential effect of substitution of PKO with VCO. Chocolate spreads that are commonly available in the market usually use palm oil as the liquid fraction. Therefore, for this semester, the focus of this research is on …
Industrial wastewater is one of many problems that cause damage to the environment in Indonesia, thus requiring it to be treated prior to discharging to the water body. This project aimed to improve the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) system at PT Faratu to be able to treat its wastewater to meet the wastewater quality standards regulated by Indonesia government. To achieve this, the WWTP…
Cell Press Reviews: Cancer Therapeutics informs, inspires, and connects cancer researchers at all stages in their careers with timely, comprehensive reviews written by leaders in the field and curated by Cell Press editors. The publication offers a broad view of some of the most compelling topics in cancer therapeutics including: Genetic approaches for personal oncology Targeting epigenetic…
Quinoa is a grain found in the plant Chenopodium quinoa Willd. which is resistant to many environmental stresses and is able to grow in tough conditions with nutritional value which include balanced amino acid composition compared to other plant/grain based protein. The protein of the quinoa itself can be found in protein bodies of the seed radicle and endosperm which are bound to starch or…
VCO is an edible oil made from the mature coconut, and a range of non-thermal methods can be used to obtain the oil from the coconut milk. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties (FFA and IV), and lauric acid content of the samples; compare them to the APCC standard; and to suggest which treatment to produce VCO for further application based on the compliance of the FFA…
A more dynamic life with increased awareness of health and nutrition awareness has urged the innovation of nutritious food products. Pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) has caught the public's attention and is suggested to be used to create specialty food products due to its availability and superior nutrients. To expand its utilization, drum drying, the most economical and easiest pregelatini…
The high demand in the cosmetics industry to discover novel active ingredients has been rising recently due to aging, mostly caused by the build-up of free radicals in the skin. Previously, the cosmetics industry promoted the use of ascorbic acid as an anti-aging treatment due to its antioxidant activity and potential in improving collagen production. However, low stability towards exposure…
Cookie fortification is an alternative option to counter problems like micronutrients deficiency. However, fortification still has undesirable side effects such as changes in the physical properties of the cookie. This experiment aimed to examine whether chilling and freezing treatments could improve the physical properties (texture and color), sensory acceptance, and proximate content of t…
Schizophrenia is a disease that could be considered of low prevalence, yet it elicits a high disease burden. The main treatment that are offered to help alleviate the symptoms and cure the schizophrenia would normally comprise of the utilization of antipsychotics. Unfortunately, the use of antipsychotics could lead to the manifestation of unwanted adverse drug reactions. However, this manifesta…
Combinatorial therapy might be the solution for the rising incidence of CRC around the world. By combining multiple anti-cancer drug, a more effective cancer killing ability might be produced at lower dosage and toxicities. As a potential anti-cancer sources, ethyl acetate extract of soursop leaves (EEAM) has been reported to work against HT-29 CRC cell line. The mechanism in which it may works…
Interest in anaerobic digestion (AD), the process of energy production through the production of biogas, has increased rapidly in recent years. Agricultural and other organic waste are important substrates that can be treated by AD. This book is one of the first to provide a broad introduction to anaerobic digestion and its potential to turn agricultural crops or crop residues, animal and o…
The rapidly changing concepts in radiation oncology with the development of more precise - strumentation for delivery of radiation therapy and a greater emphasis on hypofractionation technologies require a very intimate knowledge of tumor biology and the infuence of various biologic factors on dose distribution within the tumor in terms of homogeneity as well as prev- tion of any late efects on…
Gleaning information from more than 100 experts in the field of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy worldwide, Cancer Biomarkers: Non-Invasive Early Diagnosis and Prognosis determines the significance of clinical validation approaches for several markers. This book examines the use of noninvasive or minimally invasive molecular cancer markers that are under development or currently in use.…