Research and Development at PT Phapros TBK

PT Phapros TBK is a pharmaceutical company founded in 1954, which is now owned and operated under PT Kimia Farma TBK. Research and development falls under the production department, which is one of the 3 main departments in PT Phapros. The Research and development team centers on drug development and analysis, among which Analytical development plays an integral part in the process. During this…

Optimization of Clopidogrel Synthesis via Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) Utili…

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication used for treating one of the major contributors of mortality worldwide – cardiovascular diseases (CAVDs). The conventional synthesis of clopidogrel as a complex organic molecule can be time-consuming and costly as various reaction conditions need to be set and maintained. A simpler method following the Multicomponent Reaction (MCR), specifically Ugi-3…

Stability Testing Evaluation of Non-Irritant and Sulphate-Free Organic Dog Sh…

Living together closely with pets, people put an increased value on the appearance of their pets, specifically putting more attention towards the hair and skin of the pets. Thus, the majority of cosmetics for dogs are shampoos. These may be utilized to wash the coat, enhance its structural properties, and as adjuvant treatment for various skin diseases. In order to treat various skin diseases p…

Cleaning Capacity Evaluation of Non Irritant, Sulfate Free Organic Dog Shampoo

This project aims to evaluate the cleaning capacities of a non-irritant, sulfate free organic dog shampoo. Surfactants play a vital role in shaping product characteristics. Coco glucoside and cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) were used as the surfactants of this experiment for its non irritant properties. Additionally, CAPB's amphoteric nature proves valuable in dispersing solid ingredients efficie…

Probiotic Potential Of Inspect-Pollinators Originated Lactic Acid Bacteria an…

Apis mellifera or honey bee is the most crucial pollinator globally, providing 50% of global crop pollination. However, bee colony loss is increasing and one of the causes is American foulbrood disease (AFB), a disease that kills honey bee larva. Paenibacillus larvae, a gram positive bacteria is the causative agent of AFB, it can produce spores that are able to survive in extreme heat and c…

The Investigation Of Several Microorganisms Isolated From Fermented Food Wast…

Malaysia faces water and food waste issues. Majority of wastewater in Malaysia contains ammonium and phosphate, which is dangerous towards health and environment. In Malaysia, the food waste mainly consists of fruit and vegetable waste. Nowadays, as the world progresses towards sustainable development, food waste valorisation is implemented to solve the wastewater issue. This study aims to …

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Key Pathways Downstream …

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading malignant tumors worldwide. The oncogenic long non-coding RNA (IncRNA), LncX, was reported to play a critical role in OSCC progression. To further identify and characterize the key pathways and genes downstream of LncX, we will integrate online datasets and bioinformatic analysis to investigate the expression pattern of LncX in OSCC and …

Obat-obat penting

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615.4 TAN o

Ilmu racik obat: teori dan praktik

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615.407 Moh i

Etika Farmasi dalam Islam

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615.4 Hen e

Human Physiology

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978-0-415-35546

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612 McL b

Formularium nasional Edisi kedua 1978

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615.13 For

Biochemistry

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Fourth Edition

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978-0-4165-0845-9

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612.015 Ham b

Evaluation Technologies for Food Quality

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664.00685 Eva

Farmakologi Obat-Obatan Dalam Praktek Kebidanan

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Recent Advances in Food and Flavor Chemistry

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Investigation Of CTP Syntthase Filamentous Structure Formation in U2OS Cells …

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a neoplasm caused by the formation of an immature osteoid matrix and is derived from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells. OS is known to be the 7 th most common primary bone cancer in childhood. OS is also known for its high proliferation ability and several mechanisms may be involved. Several pathways are linked to the progression and growth of cancers including the h…

Morphological Changes of Skeletal Muscle Cells as the Effects of Progerin Exp…

The expression of progerin, a mutated form of lamin A protein, is caused by autosomal dominant mutation in the LMNA gene. It is located in the nuclear lamina of the cells, and can affect the overall cell structure, especially in skeletal muscle cells (myocytes), in which central nucleation can occur. In order to detect the effects of progerin in the cells’ morphology, there are several techni…

Validation Of Predicted Sars-cov-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Peptides (np104-122, …

This study investigates the potential of T-cell-mediated immunity in combating SARS-CoV-2, given the concerns about the high mutation rate in the virus's S protein and its potential impact on vaccine efficacy. The prevalent HLA class II alleles in the Indonesian population, namely HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-DRB1*15:02, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, play a crucial role in presenting viral peptide antigens to the…

Dengue Virus (denv) Clinical Isolates Genotyping And Reference Strain In-vitr…

Dengue virus (DENV) poses a global health threat due to the high prevalence, with varying degrees of severity which can escalate to mortality. The disease burden is increased by the genetic diversity, resulting in serotypes and genotypes with different replication rate and clinical severity. This molecular diversity, especially prevalent in endemic regions like Indonesia, underlies the importan…

The Effect Of Drug Dx23 Towards Enhancing Neutrophil Function And Regulating …

Neutrophils are the main cells that play a significant role in the innate immune system. Upon a pathogenic invasion, these cells are recruited to the site of infection and perform many different functions. Targeting the neutrophils for therapeutic interventions has been a great challenge due to the complexity of their signaling pathway and mechanisms. Therefore, the search for drug candidates t…

Detection Of Hpv16 E4 Mrna Expression In Association With Cervical Carcinogen…

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in females worldwide, in which one of its major causative agents is human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16). The current HPV screening measures are responsible for reducing CC incidence; however, some limitations still persist which brings about the necessity to investigate novel biomarkers. The HPV16 genome contains several genes with…

Stards Knockdown Reveals DLC3 Involvement in Vascular Generation and Immune C…

The Deleted in Liver Cancer family houses the RhoGAP proteins DLC1 and DLC2, which have already been known for their tumor suppressive capabilities, and DLC3, whose studies regarding this gene are minimal. This study seeks to elucidate the function of DLC3 protein towards tumor development by looking at the changes in angiogenesis and cell migration rate following DLC3 downregulation, using zeb…

Scalable CD45 and PD-1 Gene Knockout Protocols in T cell using CRISPR/Cas9 Sy…

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionised immunotherapy by boosting T celldriven tumour cell destruction through specific antigen recognition. Despite its success in haematological cancers, significant hurdles in using CAR T cells for solid tumours are the suppression of CAR T cell proliferation and effector functions. This research addresses the pressing challenge in ca…

Immunogenicity Validation Of The Predicted Hla Class Ii T-cell Epitope from S…

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants is primarily attributed to mutations in the S protein, diminishing the efficacy of existing vaccines that aim to generate antibodies against this S protein. As antibodies become less efficient, T cell-mediated immune response becomes essential in eliminating the virus. Three predominant HLA Class II alleles in the Indonesian population; HLA-DRB1*12:02, HLA-D…

Oncolytic Virus Treatment Strategies Against Liver Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a significant challenge in clinical management due to late-stage diagnosis and limited curative interventions. The imperative to develop more efficacious therapeutic approaches for HCC underscores the exploration of oncolytic virotherapy, an innovative treatment modality exhibiting promising antitumor properties. Among potential oncolytic vectors, the measle…

Exploration Of Bat Virus Attachment On Brain Cells

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have garnered attention in virology due to their potential in mitigating lyssavirus attachment to brain cells. Recent studies highlight heparin's ability to impede viral attachment to heparan sulfate, suggesting its role in preventing viral entry. Pseudoviruses have been utilized as safer alternatives in lyssavirus research, generated through co-transfection of plasmid…

Identification Of Human Tankyrase 1 Inhibitors As Potential Anti-cancer Agent…

Tankyrase 1 has received attention as a promising target for anti-cancer therapies due to its upregulated expression in various cancer types. Its crucial role in PARsylation leads to the degradation of tumor suppressors (e.g. Axin, TRF1, and PTEN) through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, highlighting its significance in oncogenic processes. The urgency to discover novel tankyrase 1 inhibitors …

Genetic Profiling Of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Samples In Jakarta And West …

Tuberculosis caused by an obligate aerobic bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most lifelong diseases that has been infecting humans worldwide; Indonesia is one of the countries that has the highest prevalence of tuberculosis. The bacteria itself possesses an atypical cell wall structure that protects them from harmful drugs. With the inconsistent, prolonged drug treatmen…

Novel High Throughput Drug Screening Reveals Therapeutic Opportunities for Pe…

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is an aggressive pediatric CNS tumor yet lacking standardized therapies while current management standards are not of significant clinical benefit. With the opportunity of accessing the Childhood Cancer Model Atlas (CCMA)’s vast pediatric cancer resources, high-throughput drug screening (HTS) was carried out on the CCMA’s ATRT cohort against the novel…

Confirmation Of Indels Observed In Hiv Next Generation Sequencing With Sanger…

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) which is still considered a global burden. Japan has not yet been successful in fulfilling the UNAIDS/WHO (90/90/90) target due to the lack of HIV surveillance in the country. HIV is known as a virus with a very high genetic diversity in which the presence of insertions or deletions (indels) and sin…

The Role Of E. Bugandensis T6ss In Bacterial Competition (anti-bacterial) And…

Enterobacter bugandensis belongs to the ESKAPE bacteria, a group notorious for being prominent causative agents of hospital-acquired infections. Despite being a recent discovery in 2016, E. bugandensis is an emerging pathogen that has been responsible for several bacteremia outbreaks. Notably, E. bugandensis possesses high levels of multidrug resistance and little is known about its pathogenesi…

In Vitro Analysis Of The Effect Of Sars-cov-2 Orf9b Mutations On Type I Inter…

Persisting as a risk to public health worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted extensive global research efforts to unravel the dynamic of virus-host interplay contributing to disease severity. One of the SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins, ORF9b, is recognized for its role in the alteration of host antiviral type I inte…

Exploring The Synergistic Cytoprotective Effects Of Green Tea And Oat Extract…

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can elicit both positive and negative effects on the skin. Among the three types of UV radiation, UVB (280-315 nm) is particularly detrimental, causing sunburns, skin cancer, and premature aging. Furthermore, UV exposure induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which the skin recognizes as external ROS. This study investigates …

Bioprospection, Identification, And Characterization Of Actinomycetes enzyme …

The crisis of antibacterial resistance is an inevitable consequence of the widespread use of antibacterial agents in human health-related settings and agriculture. One of the oldest strategies to combat this crisis is to screen for novel antibacterial drug classes or structures, leading to the discovery of numerous antibacterial compounds, many of which are isolated from actinomyces/ Streptomyc…

Detection Of P. Falciparum Single Copy Genes In Malaria Samples Collected Fro…

Malaria has been a major health issue in Indonesia. Thus, diagnostic methods play a major role in the control and elimination of the disease. The most common methods in the field to detect malaria are microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT), with the latter more recommended due to its simplicity and minimal expertise requirements. The most widely used RDTs are PfHRP2-based RDTs. However, the…

In Vitro Investigation Of Antibacterial Properties In Deodorant "x" Against S…

The body odor issue has prompted increasing concern among individuals, attributed to the malodorous byproducts of sweat gland activity, particularly in the axillary skin region, which is metabolized by the cutaneous microflora. To address this matter, the formulation of deodorant products has emerged as a potential solution. Comprising a spectrum of compounds and a natural product, reported as …

In-silico identification of novel prognostic gene biomarker in Breast Cancer …

The worldwide impact of breast cancer (BRCA) has received a lot of attention due to its poor prognosis which leads to the high mortality and morbidity rate. Studies suggest that the high morbidity rate is mainly due to ineffectiveness of existing conventional therapies including chemotherapy, surgery as well as radiation therapy. Consequently, researchers are investigating gene therapy as a pro…

Investigating The Role Of A Novel Hypoxia-inducible Lncrna In Pancreatic Aden…

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis, being commonly diagnosed in the unresectable advanced or metastatic stage which poses an extremely poor prognosis for patients. Hypoxia predominates most pancreatic cancer tumour microenvironments (TME), with HIF-1 signalling being overexpressed in 88% of all pancreatic cancers. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerge…

In-vivo Calcium Activity Profiling Of Mhb Terminals In The Ipn During Fear Me…

The medial habenula (MHb) is the less explored subregion of the emerging brain structure, Habenula (Hb) with roles in fear memory expression, anxiety, and addiction. At the neuron terminals where MHb neurons project to, the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), vesicular neurotransmitter release is triggered by the influx of calcium ions via Ca v2.3 calcium channels, and robustly potentiated by GABAB …

The Enhancing Effect Of Drug Da-22 On The Immune Response Of Human Neutrophils

Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear and phagocytic leukocytes that act as the first line of innate immune defense to protect and rapidly kill the invading pathogens from the human body. In general, neutrophils are essential immune cells that play a significant role in the early response to infections through their ability to migrate into affected tissues upon pathogens invasion. The activation of…

Developmental biology

This book captivates student interest, opening minds to the wonder of developmental biology, whilst covering required material with scientific rigour. The tenth edition reflects the exciting new age of genomics, genetic regulatory networks and digital visualization techniques while keeping focus on the major questions of animal development.

Comparison of Current Kombucha Production Flow with Pirt Guidelines, research…

This internship program at PT Ramuraga Tirta Lestari aimed to optimize and improve various aspects of kombucha production, including food safety, data organization, and production efficiency. The intern worked on several projects to achieve this goal, such as calibrating pH meters to ensure accurate measurement of acidity levels in kombucha, sterilizing bottles to prevent contamination and main…

Effect Of Temperature On Aluminum Foil Packaging Of Cheese Product

Packaging preserves the quality of the finished product for consumption, storage, and transportation, making it one of the most crucial steps in producing food goods. In cheese products, molds can contribute to odor, distinctive flavor, consistency, and appearance and increase shelf life. However, some species might cause product spoilage. Thus, high-quality packaging is required to prevent mol…

Gender Differences Towards The Preference Of Cocktails At Baza Bazi Among You…

The actual disparities of alcohol consumption and preference between men and women varies among countries, cultures, and individuals. The late years of adolescence to early adulthood can be a challenging yet explorative period for many young adults. Generally, this period becomes associated with an increased interest and consumption towards alcoholic beverages, which allows people to develop th…

Integration Of Supply Chain Management And Research & Development In Fiber Su…

Businesses need to continuously evolve, adapt, and sustain themselves to sustain their competitive edge, and a vital part of this flexibility is the ongoing hunt for new suppliers. In order to identify acceptable raw materials for replacement, the R&D department's involvement in alternative sourcing becomes crucial. This study uses a previous project that has already been done which is the subs…

Development And Sensory Analysis Of Different Gelling Agents On No-sucrose Ba…

The internship report highlights the work as a Research and Development intern for five months carried out by the authors in PT Nutrifood Indonesia. It is a limited liability company that operates in the food industry and specializes in producing healthy foods and beverages. The intern was responsible for new product development and enhancing existing orange powder drinks and RTD products (oat …

Product Development Of Collagen Fruit Juice Using Thong Pha Phum Gi Rambutan …

In recent years, the food industry develops functional food which produces health benefits to the customer and the beverage industry is a suitable sector to explore. Therefore, this project aims to develop a collagen drink using the Thong Pha Phum GI (Geographical Index) rambutan as a locally grown fruit in Thailand. The main objective is to observe the effects of different concentrations of ra…

Effect Of Soluble Dietary Fiber On Micelle Stability During In-vitro Digestio…

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are mainly caused by postprandial lipemia (PPL), an increase of triglycerides-rich lipoprotein level in blood between time after a meal. Food consumption containing dietary fiber has been reported to lower blood triglycerides accumulation. Hence, this study aims to understand the effect of soluble non-viscous dietary fiber towards the lipid absorption in the food …

Comparative Analysis Of Cheesecake Characteristics: Effect Of Different Greek…

Obesity has become one of the major health problems that increase the level of consumer awareness to seek healthy food choices. Greek Yogurt (GY) is a dairy product that is suitable for alternative substitution of cream cheese (CC) in the production of cheesecake. This study aims to determine the effect of using different types of GY on cheesecake application as a substitution for (CC). The ana…