Tuak is an alcoholic beverage from Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, prepared by fermenting starchy materials (e.g., rice, palm sap, coconut sap or water). Tuak production factors and recipes vary from one maker to another, including the type of substrate used, sugar level, water level, fermentation time, and even the starter culture used. These factors affect the micro…
Diabetes is one of the most lethal and ninth most common diseases in the world, which is a metabolic disorder that causes a high and unusual blood sugar level due to the inability of the body to utilize sugar. Diabetes can cause multiple complications and damage to the system, one of them is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The most advanced treatment nowadays for DFU is by utilizing bio-cellulose, …
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly inhabits the human skin and can cause skin infection, especially in individuals with impaired immune systems when skin is damaged. Treatments usually involve the usage of antibiotics. However, antibiotic effectiveness is in danger due to the fast development of resistant microorganisms worldwide. As a result, there is a growing …
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) are two examples of plastics that have integrated seamlessly into our daily lives. The qualities that make plastic so well-known are its low cost, light weight, and strength. However, plastics also can harm the environment when they are no longer in use because they are difficult to break down. The microbial plastic degrading method has …
Plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) are utilized extensively in all sectors of life due to their versatility, durability, and low cost. However, its poor degradability has led to plastic waste accumulation worldwide, making it a major source of pollution. Recently, there has been growing interest in microbial plastic degradation as a promising strategy to …
A preliminary antimicrobial assay showed the antimicrobial activity of P. acidilactici but the SDS-PAGE did not reveal pediocin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Pediococcus strain. The efficient downstream processing of P. acidilactici fermentation is studied to analyze pediocin. This research is conducted to assess the compatibility of different methods in concentrating pediocin in th…
The deep-sea ecosystem is a largely unexplored environment with unique chemical and physical conditions that impact the organisms living there. Deep-sea sediments contain a diverse population of electroactive bacteria (EABs) that have the potential to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This study aims to investigate the influence of salinity concentration on bacterial viabi…
The increasing global electricity consumption driven by population growth and industrial development necessitates the exploration of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), more specifically deep-sea sediment microbial fuel cells, have gained significant attention in the bioenergy industry as they can harness bacteria capability to generate electricit…
The demand of a food preservative has been increasing due to foodborne diseases due to foodborne pathogens. Moreover, there is also an issue on the health risks caused chemical food preservatives, further increasing demand on a safer food preservative. Recently, Pediococcus acidilactici has been gaining interest as a potential natural food preservative due to its ability to produce pediocin,…
The utilization of edible film has gained much attention in food packaging development and industry due to its potential to preserve food and biodegradability, which could reduce environmental waste compared to conventional food packaging. Moreover, the application of pure polymers has shown insufficient defense against microbial deterioration; thus, the incorporation of plant-derived secon…
The demand of a food preservative has been increasing due to foodborne diseases due to foodborne pathogens. Moreover, there is also an issue on the health risks caused chemical food preservatives, further increasing demand on a safer food preservative. Recently, Pediococcus acidilactici has been gaining interest as a potential natural food preservative due to its ability to produce pediocin,…
Syzygium aromaticum, commonly known as cloves, is considered as one of the richest dietary sources of antioxidant and polyphenolic compounds. The bioactivity and antimicrobial activity of this spice is enhanced by using novel extraction techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Sample-to-solvent ratio is one of the important factors that impact the functional properties of pl…
This internship report focuses on the utilization of winnowing waste which was cacao husks into variants of cacao tea. Huge amounts of cacao waste are being thrown away, which causes environmental pollution in along with increasing economic issues. One of the waste products of chocolate that are typically discarded as waste are cacao husks. Cacao husks could be transformed into a variety o…
Black sapote is a fruit originating from Mexico that contains high antioxidant activity because of its varying phenolic compounds and micronutrients. Kombucha is one of the beverages that is fermented by a SCOBY to produce a unique and fizzy flavor. A SCOBY consists of acetic acid bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeasts produce some acid for tart and fizzy flavour in kombucha. The effect …
This internship project aims to evaluate the microbial quality of coffee milk during its production at Jago Coffee. The project employs the Total Plate Count (TPC) and Methylene Blue Reduction Test (MBRT) to assess bacterial load and microbiological activity. The TPC results obtained for the cooling and filling & sealing processes comply with the SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) standards, …
Chronic diabec wound is a common complicaon in diabetes mellitus which is caused by a prolonged wound-healing process from a persistent inflammaon phase. Thus, proper wound treatment is needed to promote wound healing and protect the wound from infecon. Biocellulose (BC) as wound dressing provides a moist environment to protect skin and pr…
PT. Organik Adil Sejahtera (Green Rebel) is a branch company of Indonesia leading plant-based eatery chain, focused on providing demand from B2B and for ready-to-cook frozen meals. Responsible for products’ quality, QC/QA department monitors the process starting from incoming raw material inspection, base and product organoleptic testing, until complaint and CAPA filing. GMP audit and assisti…
Natural raw materials have been used for human health for centuries. Because of their distinct chemical composition and structure, wood and its bark are among the most important raw materials. The inner bark has a strong defense mechanism, which is supported by phenolic compounds and may contain a variety of antimicrobial agents that can be extracted and used as a food preservative. This study …
ody odor is the unpleasant smell brought on by the mixture of sweat and bacteria on the skin, such as Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus species. Typically, sweat is an odorless bodily fluid, however, as bacteria grow on the skin and break down these secretions, the by-products may have a pungent, unpleasant smell. Deodorant is an axilla cosmetic containing antibacterial agents that are use…
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases; with an estimated 422 million cases worldwide. A general cause of blindness, heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure and amputation of the lower limbs. Diabetes mellitus is one of the major causes of impaired wound healing. Furthermore, open wounds in diabetic individuals can be life threatening as it can act as a way for bacteria to ent…
The use of antibiotics across the world in the past decade has affect the development of antibiotic resistance not only by pathogenic bacteria but also commensal bacteria. This is an alarming subject, since any infection caused by commensal bacteria which supposed to be easily treated might become a life-threatening condition. Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is classified as Viridans Group Strep…
With the rising demand of convenient and readily-available food products along with consumer awareness of detrimental effects of excessive plastic usage and food waste, more interest has developed in bio-film packaging as a means to assist in decreasing the number of waste produced, both environmentally and food-wise. The main aim of this study is to observe the potential prolonging of shel…
The susceptibility of meat to quality and safety issues has brought numerous attempts to incorporate antioxidants and antimicrobial agents into the packaging to improve the shelf stability of meat. The study aims to develop chitosan film incorporated with Piper Cubeba essential oil (PCO) into chitosan film to improve the shelf life of beef shank cuts. 2% (w/v) chitosan films with 0-3% PCO we…
Deodorants have been developed to control axillary skin microbiota, which contributes to the production of body odor, as well as mask the odor. They are one of the solutions to address human body odor as a long-term problem for many people, which affects their social capability negatively. However, no study that we are aware of has examined the antibacterial effectiveness of a range of deod…
Tetragenococcus halophilus is a lac????c acid bacteria (LAB), which plays an important role in moromi fermenta????on of soy sauce produc????on process to improve the soy sauce flavor and aroma characteris????cs. The proteoly????c ac????vity from T. halophilus serves as an important factor to speed up the fermenta????on process, hence improving the produc????vity of soy sauce produc????on. T.…
Microbial communities play central roles in the functioning of ecosystems, engineering, and industry, while also contributing to the physiology and health of all living beings. Destabilized communities are prone to malfunctioning and invading pathogens. It is currently unknown, which processes or mechanisms cause communities to function properly or become dysfunctional. This lack of understandi…
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a three-dimensional structure made up of nanofibrils that are created by aerobic bacteria such as K.intermedius which is able to give a high yield of BC despite it being a relatively new strain. BC is well known for its high crystallinity and water retention which are favorable for encapsulating compounds. BC are also known to have wound healing properties but it …
Overripe or over-fermented tempeh is fermented 2 – 5 days longer than normal tempeh and commonly used as flavour enhancement. Studies on microbial changes were limited to 24 and 72 hours, while limited studies were available for internal microbial growth factors that affecting overfermentation process. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the changes of microbial and internal microbial …
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is well known in the medical field to be able to speed up the process of wound healing. It also has many advantages that make it a very appealing potential as a wound healing product. The issue with BC is the lack of antimicrobial activity against pathogens on the wound site which can cause an infection. Encapsulation of B. subtilis (BS) as a probiotic into BC would all…
"Keratin was found to be a promising alternative material as biomaterial due to several advantages such as supporting cell attachment, fibroblast growth, and naturally abundance. Unfortunately, keratin also have fragile and poor mechanical properties that limits its usage. On the other hand, low methoxyl pectin is widely known as a gelling agent and can be formed into hydrogel by addition o…
Calophyllum inophyllum or more commonly known as “Tamanu” in French Polynesia or “Nyamplung” in Indonesia, is one of the traditional medicine used in treating skin diseases as well as other cosmetic uses, with one of the most common diseases to be treated being atopic dermatitis. Exacerbations of the disease is generally caused by the attachment and growth of biofilm of Staphylococcus a…
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria often found in healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) at hospitals. Several types of research have already shown antibiotic resistance studies against this bacteria. Currently, there are only a few types of research about the effectiveness of natural medicine against P. aeruginosa. This research aims to test the antimicrobial activity of Camellia s…
The use of Tentragenococcus halophilus and zygosacchoromyces rouxii as soy sauce starter culture has been known to produce volatile aromatic and flavor confounding compounds, however none has exposed the microbial safety capability of these starter cultures. In this study, the effect of soy sauce starter inoculation against model pathogenic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus.
Focuses on concepts and principles to present a comprehensive treatment from molecular biology to pathogenesis and control of viral infections. Illustrates why and how animal viruses are studied and demonstrates how the knowledge gained from such model viruses can be used to study viral systems that are still relatively unknown. Provides a thorough introduction to principles of viral pathogen…
Systematic biology has a far wider application than merely the provision of a reliable classification scheme for new strains. With the framework of the hierarchic system stabilizing, genomes, noncoding regions, and genes and their products can now be evaluated in an evolutionary context. This book summarizes recent developments in the molecular characterization of cultured and as-yet uncultured…
Designed for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and environmental professionals, this book builds upon the tremendous success of the previous editions with a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of environmental microbiology as a discipline that has greatly expanded in scope and interest over the past several decades. From terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to urban and indo…
Metagenomics has proven to be a powerful tool for exploring the ecology, metabolic profiling, and comparison of complex microbial communities as well as its important applications in the mining of metagenomes for genes encoding novel biocatalysts and drug molecules for bioindustries. In Metagenomics: Methods and Protocols, expert researches provide an overview and introduction to basic methods …
Over 500 prokaryotic genomes have been sequenced to date, and thousands more have been planned for the next few years. While these genomic sequence data provide unprecedented opportunities for biologists to study the world of prokaryotes, they also raise extremely challenging issues such as how to decode the rich information encoded in these genomes. This comprehensive volume includes a collect…
Microbes are key drivers of the world's ecosystems. The vast majority of the world's diversity and metabolic potential lies within micro-organisms, yet with the advent of molecular-scale observation, we are still barely beginning to understand this microscopic resource. The expanded second edition provides a detailed description of the methods that have made microbial ecology possible.
Metagenomics has revolutionized microbiology and many associated health and environmental fields. This is the firstcomprehensive treatise covering the various omics in a large variety of habitats, which could not previously have been analysed without metagenomic methodology.Thisis areference work for people in the field and those who would like to enter it.
Metagenomics is an emerging field that has changed the way microbiologists study microorganisms. It involves the genomic analysis of microorganisms by extraction and cloning of DNA from a group of microorganisms, or the direct use of the purified DNA or RNA for sequencing, which allows scientists to bypass the usual protocol of isolating and culturing individual microbial species. This method i…
An up-to-date view of molecular mechanisms for investigating microbial communities and their biological activities, this new volume of Environmental Microbiology: Methods and Protocols looks at recent advances that are having a big impact on the field such as metagenomics and other “omics” technologies, NanoSIMS, as well as stable isotope probing and more. Conveniently divided into four par…