Enzymatic hydrolysis can overcome the problem about the quality of the instant porridge. The process was divided into 3 steps, gelatinization, liquefaction, and saccharification. The glycosidic chain will be broken down by the amylase and turn the starch into a maltose and glucose that gives natural sweetness and better mouthfeel. Hydrolysis really depends on the temperature as the enzyme might…
Tea consumption in Indonesia is on the rise including Ready to Drink (RTD) tea. TehBotol Sosro is the one of the popular ready-to-drink (RTD) tea brand in Indonesia. Tehbotol Sosro is famously known for not having preservatives in its beverages. It only consists of water, tea, and sweetened with sugar and contains no artificial ingredients. The physicochemical properties, such as pH, brix level…
Increasing demand as well as interest for plant−based ingredients such as konjac was occurring. Additionally, in order to stabilize the prices, extend shelf life, and enhance added value of peaches, various processing methods and products must be developed. White peach has a good insight from the market due to its premium imported fruits that can't be cultivated in Indonesia. However, in this…
Sarcopenia, an age-related disease where loss of muscle and strength progresses, has become a research interest for scientists over the past few decades. Sarcopenia in and of itself can cause physical incapacity, functional impairment, and even death to patients. Research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction has been known to cause sarcopenic muscle tissue damage. Furthermore, recent studie…
Infantile spasm is a type of epilepsy that occurs in infants that is characterized by the sudden movement throughout the whole body. It is crucial to detect the disease and undergo suitable treatments as soon as possible in order to minimize the potential negative long-term effect in learning development. One of the most effective treatments is the usage of anti-epileptic drug Vigabatrin that i…
Noodles are a staple food in Asia. However, since it is made using wheat flour which is high in carbohydrate, protein enrichment by adding other ingredients like cricket powder and nutritional yeast can be done. This study aimed to increase the protein content in noodles by incorporating cricket powder and nutritional yeast with different substitution levels (10, 15, and 20%) towards the …
This study aimed to develop a lipid-based paste form of Ready-to-Use Complementary Food (RUCF) using locally available ingredients, while investigating the physicochemical changes during 21 days of storage. Three formulations were proposed and assessed using B one touch viscometer for viscosity, CS410 handheld colorimeter for color, pawkit water activity analyzer for water activity, and e…
Milk-based drink is defined as a drink made using fresh milk, reconstituted milk, or recombined milk, which can be added with other food ingredients and sterilized or pasteurized. At PT. Garudafood, 40-50% of process water were incorporated into chocolate milk-based drink products, thus the quality of process water must be tightly regulated. This research was conducted to identify the impact of…
Soy sauce is a liquid condiment that is made from fermented soybeans with mold, wheat flour, brine water, bacteria, and yeast. Soy sauce fermentation includes two stages of fermentation which begins with koji fermentation and ends with moromi fermentation. Koji fermentation is a solid- state fermentation through the use of mold and it may last for 48 to 72 hours. Meanwhile, moromi fermentation …
Soy sauce is a popular condiment in Asian countries made from fermented soybeans. The production process of traditional soy sauce usually takes place in a non-sterile environment, causing spontaneous fermentation by indigenous microorganisms. One of the commonly found and reported species in soybean-based fermented food was Bacillus subtilis. Although Bacillus is generally recognized as saf…
Japanese curry is a popular dish which contains a high amount of spices, which provides the dish with quite a considerable amount of antioxidant activity. Even if curry may contain a high amount of spices, curry itself also contains a moderate amount of fat and oil which is involved in its production. Due to the moderate amount of fat and oil in curry, the product will be susceptible to auto-ox…
Plant-based nugget (PBN) is a succulent and firm alternative to the chicken nugget with a meat-like texture. PBN often has low sensory acceptability compared to chicken nugget and the direct fat incorporation was reported to cause fat leakage during cooking and the effect was suboptimal. Therefore, the effects of structured fats (solid and liquid mixture) incorporation in the form of emulsion t…
This study observed the physicochemical and microbiological stability of plant based meatballs made from local ingredients which are vacuum packed and frozen. During frozen storage, deterioration happened gradually caused by microbial growth and physicochemical changes. Thus, the microbial content including bacteria (TPC), yeast and mold (TYMC), and physicochemical aspects including water a…
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world among women. Research have shown the efiicacy of phytochecmicals as asupplementary treatment in breast cancer through the regulation of gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression. This study aims to identify differentially expressed miRNA-gene pairs in breast cancer across different stages in o…
Pediococcus acidilactici has gained a lot of interest lately due to its ability as a potential probiotic strain. However, concerns regarding its viability and stability during consumption and storage lead to a solution to utilize spray dry as an encapsulation method for Pediococcus acidilactici. Yet, the utilization of spray drying could affect the cell viability and its functional probiotic pr…
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a process to prioritise in vitro fertilised embryos without genetic defects for implantation. One of the conditions screened is aneuploidy. The genetic testing for chromosomal aneuploidy ensures that all 23 pairs of chromosomes have the correct copy number. The research utilized amplicon sequencing to generate sequence data and variant calling to p…
PT Kalbe Milko Indonesia combines pasteurization and retort sterilization on producing their sterilized milk product. The pasteurization process takes place at 85 ± 3°C for 30 seconds and after packing, the product is sterilized in retort machines at a temperature between 121 and 121.9 °C. Nevertheless, milk's quality is not just influenced by production processes but is also affected by oth…
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a vital food, accounting for one-fifth of all calories humans consume globally. Because of its numerous health-promoting properties, colored rice has become a functional food ingredient. Rice can be consumed in various ways; however, research into rice milk and its applications is still limited. Re.juve constantly expands its product line to more delicious and healthy foo…
Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary genetic disorder caused by a 27 bp deletion in the SLC4A1 gene, leading to a disrupted folding at the extracellular face of the SLC4A1 protein in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. SAO is an autosomal dominant disorder where heterozygous individuals are asymptomatic and homozygous SAO are considered embryonic lethal. SAO can be observed microsc…
The global food industry grapples with significant waste and loss, with more than one-third of total food production. This waste, extending from agricultural production to consumption, poses environmental and disposal challenges. Postharvest losses, particularly in fruits, contribute significantly, with over 60% of cultivated land crops going to waste. Addressing this issue is crucial for econo…
Brock Biology of Microorganisms continues to set the standard for impeccable scholarship, accuracy, and outstanding illustrations and photos. This book for biology, microbiology, and other science majors balances cutting edge research with the concepts essential for understanding the field of microbiology.
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has persistently been a global health concern, infecting 39 million people around the world with 1.3 million cases increment in 2020, leading to severe immunodeficiency (UNAIDS, 2023). While mammalian genomes show evidence of repeated infection with retroviral pathogens, this co-evolution has resulted in the emergence of defense mechanisms that pre…
"The study delves into the characterization of bacterial communities within Takakura composting. Takakura composting is a method integral to organic waste management, and serves as the focal point for understanding microbial dynamics during decomposition. The research aims to make takakura compost with two different compositions and characterize the bacterial community in the Takakura compo…
Tuak is an alcoholic beverage from Southeast Asian countries, such as Indonesia and Malaysia, prepared by fermenting starchy materials (e.g., rice, palm sap, coconut sap or water). Tuak production factors and recipes vary from one maker to another, including the type of substrate used, sugar level, water level, fermentation time, and even the starter culture used. These factors affect the micro…
This study highlights the environmental consequences of landfill buildup while addressing the issue of insufficient food waste management in Indonesia and the 1.3 billion yearly instances worldwide. The study focuses on the Takakura Composting Method (TCM), which combines fermentative microorganisms and locally created materials to provide a sustainable household-scale solution. The Takakur…
Jamu is an Indonesian traditional medicine drink made from rhizomes. However, it leaves pomace waste that possesses several environmental problems. Several efforts to reduce the waste accumulation could be performed, including using the pomace as a Pickering emulsion stabilizer. In order to obtain this function, the pomace needs to be dried first using an optimal temperature. Thus, this study a…
Exposure to harmful stimuli could induce tissue damage. Failure to remove the harmful stimuli and to repair its resulting damages is associated with increased level of ER stress, which is also closely associated with development of age-related diseases including cancer and metabolic diseases. Additionally, chronic inflammation, characterized by the imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage ratio, is al…
Diabetes is one of the most lethal and ninth most common diseases in the world, which is a metabolic disorder that causes a high and unusual blood sugar level due to the inability of the body to utilize sugar. Diabetes can cause multiple complications and damage to the system, one of them is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The most advanced treatment nowadays for DFU is by utilizing bio-cellulose, …
The gut microbiota determines the intestinal health status of the host by regulating gut epithelial and immune functions. Depletion of the beneficial gut microbiota after radiation exposure contributes to an exaggerated inflammatory response and dysregulation of intestinal epithelial cells. Previous studies demonstrated that administration of beneficial gut microbiota, Lactobacillus acidophilus…
Diospyros digyna is a wonderful fruit because of the fruit’s delicacy but not only that also because of how the fruit is easy to grow in most environments it can encounter and pest free mostly due to the effect of secondary metabolites called phytochemicals compounds. The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of Unripe and ripe Diospyros digyna fruits against S. aureus and P…
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly inhabits the human skin and can cause skin infection, especially in individuals with impaired immune systems when skin is damaged. Treatments usually involve the usage of antibiotics. However, antibiotic effectiveness is in danger due to the fast development of resistant microorganisms worldwide. As a result, there is a growing …
Cognitive impairments in thinking are the example of neurodegenerative diseases that happened in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Short memory loss (dementia) is one of the symptoms, showed by 60-70% cases found and gradually progress in declination of thinking. Therefore, dementia usually is associated in AD. Lately, an inhibitory neurotransmitter called GABA is known for its relation with working memo…
PT Takasago International Indonesia is a company that produced flavors and fragrances. Takasago has two sites, which are headquarter and production site in Indonesia. Headquarter site is responsible for handling and managing the customer request, meanwhile production site is responsible for producing flavor and fragrances product. One of division in the headquarter site is sweet application div…
Folic acid is an important vitamin for fetal development and nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. Corn is one of the good sources for folic acid while tempeh fermentation has been reported to increase folic acid content. To concentrate further, membrane filtration is a promising technology. This study aims to understand the effect of microfiltration conditions towards the increase of folic aci…
In the attempt of reducing fruit waste from fruit industry, thawed fruit and lemon waste (peel and pith) can be utilized to produce jam. Pectin, a vital gelling agent in jam making is abundant in lemon waste, however, its yield and effectiveness depends on the extraction method. In this study, the lemon pectin was extracted from using heat and strained with cheesecloth. The pectin was then adde…
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a chronic inflammatory illness that affects the sebaceous glands and is characterized by the production of erythematous nodules, pustules, and papules, which can scar. Acne is the eighth most prevalent disease, estimated to affect 9.4 % of the global population. Specifically in Indonesia, the prevalence of acne is increasing year by year. Acne has affected …
Incorporating bioactive substances into seasoning powder may be done to provide additional benefits. Young rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves are known for their secondary metabolites, however, they are unstable to external factors. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) of raw and encapsulated rice leaf extract powder, and evaluate the addition of raw and non-…
The skin is a vital outer layer that serves as protection. Once the protective layer is disrupted, for example the formation of wounds due to outer layer damage, it may increase the likelihood of contraction skin infection, which is a global burden. When open wounds are in contact with microorganisms, it allows attachment and proliferation, resulting in the development of biofilms. Antibiotics …
The exploration of bacterial entry points into plants has been focused on natural openings such as stomata, lenticels, and plasmodesmata. However, the potential role of lateral root (LR) gaps as an entry portal for bacteria remains largely unexplored. This study attempts to investigate the correlation between lateral root number and bacterial colonization, with implications for human health thr…
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, with metastasis serving as the primary cause of death. While metastasis has been widely studied, a significant amount still remains unexplored, particularly the role of glycosylation. Glycosylation is a fundamental aspect in a variety of biological processes, indicating that slight changes in it can lead to detrimental effects such as cancer, w…
In recent years, the trend for consumption of kombucha beverages has increased due to its numerous claimed health benefits. Along with this, researchers have been experimenting with different substrates, other than tea, to create varieties of kombucha with increased health benefits. Previous studies have shown that the kombucha consortium also thrives in other mediums, like fruit juices, as …
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) are two examples of plastics that have integrated seamlessly into our daily lives. The qualities that make plastic so well-known are its low cost, light weight, and strength. However, plastics also can harm the environment when they are no longer in use because they are difficult to break down. The microbial plastic degrading method has …
Plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethane (PU) are utilized extensively in all sectors of life due to their versatility, durability, and low cost. However, its poor degradability has led to plastic waste accumulation worldwide, making it a major source of pollution. Recently, there has been growing interest in microbial plastic degradation as a promising strategy to …
A preliminary antimicrobial assay showed the antimicrobial activity of P. acidilactici but the SDS-PAGE did not reveal pediocin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Pediococcus strain. The efficient downstream processing of P. acidilactici fermentation is studied to analyze pediocin. This research is conducted to assess the compatibility of different methods in concentrating pediocin in th…
The deep-sea ecosystem is a largely unexplored environment with unique chemical and physical conditions that impact the organisms living there. Deep-sea sediments contain a diverse population of electroactive bacteria (EABs) that have the potential to generate electricity in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). This study aims to investigate the influence of salinity concentration on bacterial viabi…
The isolation and cultivation of indigenous bacteria poses a great importance for examining potential biodegradation microorganisms for a contaminated site. While the traditional method utilized for the isolation and cultivation method of bacteria has significant limitations and drawbacks, this study proposed the usage of a microwell array device that is able to isolate different bacteria a…
The increasing global electricity consumption driven by population growth and industrial development necessitates the exploration of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), more specifically deep-sea sediment microbial fuel cells, have gained significant attention in the bioenergy industry as they can harness bacteria capability to generate electricit…